1. The Palestinian – Israeli Conflict
The Key to Winning the War on Terror?

2. Arab-Israeli Conflict
The Roots
of the
Arab-Israeli Conflict
(1890s-1947)

3. The Dreyfus Case, 1894
Capt. Alfred Dreyfus
Emile Zola

4. Zionism
GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine.
Freedom from Western anti- Semitism.
Theodore Herzl

5. First Zionist Conference, 1897
Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, or The Jewish State in 1896.
Met in Basel, Switzerland.
Creates the First Zionist Congress.
Becomes an international Jewish organization.
“Next Year in Jerusalem!”

6. The Ottoman Empire in WW1

7. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Main Players in WW1
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

8. The Middle East in 1914

9. “Lawrence of Arabia,” The Legend Begins
T. E. Lawrence [ ]
“Lawrence of Arabia,” The Legend Begins

10. Hussein-McMahon Letters, 1915 Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca
....Britain is prepared to recognize and uphold the independence of the Arabs in all regions lying within the frontiers proposed by the Sharif of Mecca....
Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca

11. Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

12. The Arab Revolt:

13. The Allied Advance Against the Ottoman Turks
Br. General Edmund Allenby

14. The British & Arab Armies Meet
British Forces
Lawrence & Faisal’s Forces

15. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917
His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…
Sir Arthur James Balfour Br. Foreign Secretary

16. Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918
Arab Disappointment!

17. The League of Nations Mandates

18. “New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge!
Prince Faisal  “ruler” of Trans-Jordan.
Prince Abdullah  “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinct geographic regions].
The House of Saud  put on the throne of the newly-created Saudi Arabia.
The Pahlavi Family  put on the throne of a new Iran.
Mustafa Kemal  leads a military/nationalist movement in Turkey.

19. The Middle East Between the Wars

20. The
British in
Palestine
( )

21. British Mandate in Palestine Created July, 1922

22. IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]
1929 Arab Riots
IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]
Jewish
1919
1,806
1920
8,223
1921
8,294
1922
8,685
1923
8,175
1924
13,892
1925
34,386
1926
13,855
1927
3,034
1928
2,178
1929
5,249
1930
4,944
Immigration
1931
4,075
1932
12,533
1933
37,337
1934
45,267
1935
66,472
1936
29,595
1937
10,629
1938
14,675
1939
31,195
1940
10,643
1941
4,592

23. Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System
First one founded in 1908.
Communal living.
“Make the Desert Bloom!”

24. The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.
Palestine Arab Revolt:
Their Goals:
An end to Jewish immigration to Palestine.
An end to the transfer of lands to Jewish owners.
A new “general representative government.”
The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

25. The Peel Commission Partition Plan, 1937

26. British White Paper of 1939
Limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 over the next five years.
It ended Jewish land purchases.
Independence for Palestine within 10 years.
It is NOT British policy that Palestine become a Jewish state.

27. Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

28. Aliyah Bet
Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine.
The Exodus, 1947.

29. British “Detention” Camps in Cyprus : 1946-1948

30. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1946
1850 Census: 600,000 (30,000 Jews, 6%)
•1922 Census: 757,182 (83,794 Jews, 11%)
•1931 Census: 1,035,821 (174,000 Jews, 16%)
•1947 Census: 1,908, 775 (589,341 Jews, 31%)

31. Jewish “Freedom Fighters” (or “Terrorists”?)
Irgun Zvai Leumi [Natl. Military Org.]
Avraham Stern & The Stern Gang

34. King David Hotel Jerusalem, June 1946

35. U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

36. Truman Opts for Partition Over Objections of Departments of State and Defense
“I'm sorry, gentlemen, but I have to answer to hundreds of thousands who are anxious for the success of Zionism: I do not have hundreds of thousands of Arabs among my constituents."
--Harry S. Truman

37. Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948
Chaim Weizmann, 1st President
David Ben-Gurion, 1st Prime Minister

38. War Begins!: May 15, 1948

39. The Palestinian Diaspora begins!
Arab Refugees, 1948
The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

40. Armistice Signed, 1949

41. Israel: 1947 & Israel: 1949

42. Palestinian Refugees
Palestinian Diaspora

43. The
Arab-Israeli
Wars
(1956-present)

44. Gamal Abdul Nasser President of Egypt
Suez Crisis (1956)
Gamal Abdul Nasser President of Egypt

45. Six-Day War (1967)
UN Resolution 242

46. UN Security Council Resolution 242, 1967
Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles:
Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict;
Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force.

47. Palestine Liberation Organization
And the War of Terror
Yassir Arafat

48. Yom-Kippur War (Oct., 1973)

49. UN Security Council Resolution 338, 1973
Calls upon all parties to present fighting to cease all firing and terminate all military activity immediately, no later than 12 hours after the moment of the adoption of this decision, in the positions after the moment of the adoption of this decision, in the positions they now occupy;
Calls upon all parties concerned to start immediately after the cease-fire the implementation of Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) in all of its parts;
Decides that, immediately and concurrently with the cease-fire, negotiations start between the parties concerned under appropriate auspices aimed at establishing a just and durable peace in the Middle East.

50. The Expansion of Israel

51. The Search for Peace

52. Camp David Accords (1979)
President President Prime Minister Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S Of Israel

53. Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987-1993)

54. The Oslo Peace Process
On 9 September 1993, the Norwegian Foreign Minister announced that secret negotiations had been completed between the PLO and Israel which resulted in an agreement in principle to end their conflict.
On 13 September 1993, the Declaration of Principles between the Israelis and Palestinians was signed in Washington, DC.

55. Palestinian Areas on The West Bank

56. The Clinton Effort for a Comprehensive Agreement

57. Camp David Peace Plan 2000

58. Ariel Sharon Steps In

59. Two Plans for Peace

60. The Saudi Peace Plan, 2000
Until the adoption of the Saudi initiative by the Arab League, only two Arab states, Egypt and Jordan, recognized Israel's right to exist. Under the Saudi plan all 22 Arab states have offered to
Consider the Arab-Israeli conflict ended
Enter into a peace agreement with Israel
Provide security for all the states of the region
Establish normal relations with Israel in the context of this plan "

61. The Saudi Peace Plan In return, the Arab League calls upon Israel to:
Withdraw fully from all the territories occupied since 1967 (including the Syrian Golan Heights and the remaining occupied territories in Lebanon) to the lines of June 4, 1967
Achieve a just solution to the Palestinian refugee problem in accordance with the December 1948 UN General Assembly Resolution 194
Accept a sovereign independent Palestinian state in the Palestinian-occupied territories in the West Bank and Gaza strip, with East Jerusalem as its capital"

62. Sharon’s Plan: Unilateral Israeli Actions
"In any future final-status agreement, there will be no Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip.
"Israel will supervise and guard the external envelope on land, will maintain exclusive control in the airspace of Gaza, and will continue to conduct military activities in the sea space of the Gaza Strip."
"Israel will continue to maintain a military presence along the border line between the Gaza Strip and Egypt."
“It is clear that in the West Bank, some areas will remain part of the state of Israel, among them civilian settlements, military zones and places where Israel has additional interests."

63. The Separation Wall

64. President Bush Welcomed Sharon’s Plan, Ignored the Saudi Plan

65. President Bush’s Comments
President Bush said that Sharon’s plan would "make a real contribution towards peace" and help fulfill Bush's own vision of two states side by side.
He broke with previous U.S. policy which characterized Israeli west bank settlements as “illegal” by agreeing that Israel should retain at least some West Bank settlements.
“The realities on the ground and in the region have changed greatly over the last several decades, and any final settlement must take into account those realities and be agreeable to the parties.” 
He also seemed to remove a key Palestinian demand from the negotiating table.
“It seems clear that an agreed, just, fair and realistic framework for a solution to the Palestinian refugee issue as part of any final status agreement will need to be found through the establishment of a Palestinian state and the settling of Palestinian refugees there rather than Israel.” 

66. The Underlying Philosophy of The Bush Administration
“I am a Christian. But I believe with the Psalmist, that the Lord God of Israel neither slumbers nor sleeps. Understanding my administration should not be difficult. We will speak up for our principles; we will stand up for our friends in the world. And one of the most important friends is the State of Israel. “
“At my first meeting of my National Security Council, I told them that a top foreign policy priority of my administration is the safety and security of Israel. My administration will be steadfast in supporting Israel against terrorism and violence ”
… President George W. Bush, 3 May 2001

67. How is U.S. Policy Perceived In the World?

68. Reaction to U.S. Policy
“As to America, I say to it and its people a few words: I swear to God that America will not live in peace before peace reigns in Palestine, and before all the army of infidels depart the land of Mohammad, peace be upon him.”
6 October 2001

70. The Palestinian – Israeli Conflict
The Key to Winning the War on Terror?