1. Whither global governance?

2. FAITH & DOUBT
HOPE & FEAR

3. Religion and Science RELIGION & SCIENCE both respond to mystery
*Important questions* lead us to both religion and science
Paul Tillich, The Dynamics of Faith, p24 (HarperOne 2001):
Doubt “is always present as an element in the structure of faith.”
Religion:
In spite of all doubts, we have faith
Science:
In spite of all evidence, we have doubt
So religion vs. science is *not* about “faith vs. proof”
But faith vs. skepticism
Science offers no end; religion offers faith
Both values are important:
Science good for pushing for more progress
Religion good for addressing all of science’s failures

4. Applying our IO lessons to your lives
In science, we have the luxury of continuous doubt
In religion, we have the luxury of faith
In policy-making, there are no luxuries
You’ll need evidence, skepticism, and faith!

5. Whither Global Governance?

6. One Love
“Let’s get together to fight this Armageddon so when the man comes there will be no doom”
Practical lesson: Cooperation results from “Armageddons”
…hopefully to avoid the next one!

7. 1929 vs. 2008 http://alltta. wordpress

8. Is this a “Bretton Woods” Moment?

9. Bretton Woods: IMF/World Bank (1944) Stock Market Crash!
1918
1929
1944
World War II ( )
Treaty of Versailles (1919–20): League of Nations
Keynes begins discussions on an “international loan”
United Nations (1945)
Bretton Woods: IMF/World Bank (1944)
Stock Market Crash!
Smoot-Hawley (1930)  Beggar-thy-neighbor
GATT: 1947
15 years from crash to institutional solutions…

10. Latin American Debt Crisis (1982) 2008 Financial Crisis
1980
1990
2000
2008
2023?
Latin American Debt Crisis (1982)
2008 Financial Crisis
“Bretton Woods” moment… 2023?...
Tequila Crisis (1995)
East Asian Financial Crisis ( )
Or beyond?
Lay out architecture now, so we’re ready when it comes…

11. Think Big about Global Governance!

12. Regionalism before globalism?

13. Is regionalism our future
Is regionalism our future? Customs Unions: A real sacrifice of sovereignty
Common tariff policy with rest of the world

14. Currency Union: Sacrifice of monetary policy

15. Baby steps Asia North America Asian Development Bank ASEAN + 3
Chiang Mai Initiative
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
North America
NAFTA

17. Main IO take-away from the class:
Narrow and deep  Broad and deep may be more effective than Broad and shallow  Broad and deep

18. Think big about global governance changes
We’re part of an ongoing global conversation
New multi-polar world

19. And what you’re doing to shape yours…
Faith… Distributions
And what you’re doing to shape yours…

20. “boomerang generation”
“failure to launch”
“boomerang generation”
“not just young people moving back home but also young people taking longer to reach adulthood overall.”
“transition to adulthood” marked by 5 milestones: 1.completing school, 2.leaving home, 3.becoming financially independent, 4.marrying, and 5.having a child.

21. 22

22. Maybe great sophistication requires longer “gestation” periods?

23. Who grows up fastest?

24. Amoeba Time with Parent

25. Gestation periods

26. THE DISCOVERY OF adolescence: 1904 Median age at marriage 1970s: 21 women, 23 men Median age at marriage 2009: 26 women, 28 men

27. Sophistication leads to longer “gestation” periods?
The more society advances 
The more discoveries 
The more for the next generation to learn 
The longer it takes

28. Typical “uniform” or rectangular distribution (histogram)
Frequency
Poor
Low-income
Lower-middle
Middle
Upper-middle
High-income
Rich

29. Typical symmetrical distribution (histogram)
Frequency
Poor
Low-income
Lower-middle
Middle
Upper-middle
High-income
Rich

30. INCOME? SUCCESS? HAPPINESS?

33. What are you doing in college?

34. Implicit throughout the class
Theory
Philosophy (from ancient to modern thinkers)
Logic (game theory)
Empirics
Data (qualitative, quantitative)
History
Statistics

35. To understand international relations
You need
a broad liberal arts education

36. Undergraduate education & the 3 r’s
readin’
’ritin’
’rithmetic
Broad education…

37. Skills Become well-read Learn to write well Learn statistics
Learn a foreign language (fluent!)

38. Breadth of undergraduate education & life opportunities

39. Graduate school is different (not harder)
Fewer hours in class, more hours studying
Greater opportunity costs
Grades not important
Be focused!
Statement of purpose

40. Writing First sentence – most important!
Organize your argument into sections
What is the question?
What is your answer (or what is the debate)?
What is your methodology?
What is your evidence?
Why should we care?
Lay this out in the 1st para
Return to each in its own section (paper outline):
Background literature
Your theory/argument
Method
Evidence
The intro/conclusion should answer the “so what” question

41. Relationships Letter of recommendation Network of friends @ Georgetown
Amazing

42. Next step: “What are you going to do when you graduate?” =
“How are you doing?”
“Hello”
I.e., well intentioned but vacuous question
Don’t let it bring you down!
No one 22 what life will present them

43. What do we know?

44. Distribution of opportunities before education

45. Distribution of opportunities after education

46. You have bright futures

47. YOU ARE GEORGETOWN!
Privilege
Thank you

48. Thank you WE ARE GLOBAL GEORGETOWN!