1. Chapter 24, Henretta WORLD WAR TWO

2. Important strands in Chapter 24
Abroad: Great Depression + Versailles = Fascism The combination of economic disaster and international ambitions frustrated by the Treaty of Versailles led many nations of Europe and Asia to flirt with fascism, authoritarian government based on nationalism, racial superiority and tight collaboration of business and political leaders. A few nations actually became fascist: Italy, Spain, Germany and Japan.
At Home: American Isolationism Meanwhile most Americans, following a tradition going back to George Washington’s Farewell Address, are deeply suspicious of getting involved in a European or Asian conflict. They prefer to remain neutral and keep up a cautious trading relationship with other countries.
Exception: The Popular Front and U.S. Communist Party

3. Important strands in Chapter 24
Abroad: Brinksmanship with the League of Nations Mussolini, Hitler and Japan’s leadership try to see how far they can arm themselves and invade their neighbors before the industrialized democracies will respond.
1931: Japan invades Manchuria
1936: Italy captures Ethiopia Germany invades the Rhineland
1937: Japan invades the rest of China
1938: Germany annexes Austria Germany takes Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
: Japan invades Indochina

4. Important strands in Chapter 24
At Home: Roosevelt quietly prepares for war Roosevelt, convinced that the rise of fascism in Europe and Asia poses a serious threat to the United States, tries to aid Great Britain and put pressure on Germany and Japan without losing support at home.
1936: Allies permitted to buy arms from U.S. on a “cash-and-carry” basis
1940: National Defense Advisory Commission Gives Britain U.S. destroyers in return for bases First peacetime draft in U.S. history Some economic sanctions on Japan
1941: Lend-Lease Act Embargo on all trade with Japan (including oil) Atlantic Charter Secret battles with German U-Boats

5. Dec. 7, 1941

6. Important strands in Chapter 24
At Home: Gov’t + Business = Mass Production Using huge tax breaks, antitrust exemptions, “cost-plus” contracts and other incentives as leverage, the U.S. government forges an unprecedented partnership with major corporations to produce the materiel needed for war. Big business grows richer, more concentrated and more dependent on government contracts.
At Home: Wartime jobs produce a new society Millions move to new cities to take wartime jobs. Women fill the jobs of men who’ve gone to war. Cities run on a 24-hour schedule. People from small towns rub up against other ethnic groups for the first time; resulting in riots, internments and also friendships. People have more money than ever before – but because of rationing, less to spend it on.

7. Important strands in Chapter 24
Europe: Stalin stops Hitler The fascist countries continues to expand until Hitler makes the mistake of breaking his non-aggression pact with Stalin and invading Russia. In , at enormous cost, the Soviets stop Germany’s winning streak at Stalingrad. After Britain and the United States land on the Normandy beaches in June 1944, the Allies press in on Germany from both sides.

8. Important strands in Chapter 24
Europe: Stalin stops Hitler

9. Important strands in Chapter 24
Asia: Island-hopping to victory The Pearl Harbor attack of Dec failed to damage U.S. aircraft carriers; Roosevelt used these to halt the Japanese advance at Coral Sea and Midway in After that, U.S. and Allied forces moved from island to island, setting up bases closer to the Japanese mainland until, in August 1945, they were prepared either to invade Japan – or to drop atomic bombs.

10. Important strands in Chapter 24
Asia: Island-hopping to victory

11. Important strands in Chapter 24
Legacies of World War Two Just as the treaty ending the First World War set up the forces that would lead to the second one, the wrap-up of the Second World War set up international conditions that would dominate the decades to come.
Hiroshima: nuclear arms race, Cuban Missile Crisis, “mutual assured destruction,” nonproliferation
Stalin’s suspicion of Churchill and FDR: Cold War
Liberation of Europe: NATO and Warsaw Pact boundaries, containment policy
Wartime alliances: creation of United Nations, its ineffectiveness
Restoration of colonial powers: wars for independence
Gov’t-business partnership: the “military-industrial-congressional complex”