1. Chapter 14
Ethnicity

2. Chapter Questions
What are some of the meanings of ethnicity and how are these used in the world today?
What is the nation-state and how is it related to ethnicity?
What are some sources of contemporary ethnic conflicts?

3. Chapter Questions
Who are indigenous peoples, and what are their relationship with nation-states?
How have anthropologists applied their knowledge on behalf of indigenous peoples?
What is the relationship between ethnicity and immigration in the United States?

4. Perspectives in Ethnicity
Essentialist - ethnicity comes from historical, demographic, and economic conditions.
Constructionalist - ethnicity comes from responses to changing realities within the group and in the society of which it is a part.

5. European Colonial Laws
Defined acceptable behavior.
Established written penal codes, constitutions, and western-style courts.
Many colonial laws involved restraints on sexuality.

6. U.S. Cultural Diversity Native Americans
European immigrants - Dutch, Spanish, French, and English.
Africans - brought to the new colony as slaves.

7. Ethnic Identify Changes as social and economic circumstances change.
Provides a basis for group solidarity despite differences within the group.

8. Incorporating Immigrants Into Society
Assimilation model
Melting pot model
Mosaic Model

9. Assimilationist Model
Immigrants should abandon traditions and become absorbed in American culture.
Resulted in the building of urban Settlement Houses, designed to teach immigrants “American” ways.

10. Assimilationist and Immigration
Supported minimal immigration to the U.S.
Nations seen as similar to the U.S., Such as England, were allowed almost unrestricted immigration.
Nations seen as different to the U.S., Such as Greece and Poland, were allowed minimal immigration.
Immigration of Asians was all but completely halted.

11. Assimilation and Native Americans
In the mid-19th century, forced onto reservations, Indians became a captive audience for the teaching of American values.
By early 1870s, it was clear that the reservation policy had not transformed Indians into mainstream Americans.

12. Melting Pot Model
Immigrants will melt together into a new American culture.
By the late 1950s, it was clear that the melting pot theory had only limited application.
Excluded Asians, Native Americans, Mexican Americans, and African Americans.

13. Mosaic Model
Cultural diversity is a positive aspect of American national identity.
Arose in response to the swell of immigration in the past 25 years.