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Aqueous Ozone in Nursery and Greenhouse Production Systems
Addressing the Threat of Sudden Oak Death & Other Plant Pathogens with Aqueous Ozone Technologies Thomas Graham1, Michael Dixon1, Youbin Zheng1, Weizong Liu1, Ping Zhang1, Diane Cayanan1, Aaron Cena2, Laura Greenway2, Dave Greenway2, Jennifer Llewellyn3 1 University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. N1G 2W1 2 Purification Research Technologies Incorporated, 400 Southgate Drive, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. N1G 4P5 3 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs Will be focusing on the nursery applications but many of the concepts are applicable to greenhouse production as well
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Outline Some Greenhouse & Nursery Stats
Sudden Oak Death & Other Beasties What, Where & Why What’s on the Go ‘Bench’ trials Coming Soon… Commercial Trial Plans Summary
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Industry Significance
Farmgate value over $2.7 billion Economic influences beyond $4 billion Courtesy of Statistics Canada, 2004 Does not include vegetable greenhouse production…add another ¾ billion
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Issues in the Industries
Legislation/Regulation Nutrient Management Act; Source Water Protection Act; US/Global Market Access Environmental & Social Ecosystem protection; ‘Good Neighbours’ Economic Resource utilization efficiency Low cost foreign imports/competition The Ubiquitous Pathogen Threat! As with all industries, there are issues to contend with Drinking water protection Tightening border restrictions Increasing labour and energy costs Low cost foreign competition Pathogens…One pathogen in particular is currently giving the nursery growers insomnia
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Sudden Oak Death If you have it… Phytophthora ramorum
Quarantine Trade restrictions Crop destruction Bankruptcy Can wipe out entire tracts of forest Pathogen of particular interest is the casual agent of SOD Threat is not so much that it will wipe out nursery species, but rather the regulations will. The real biological threat is to our natural forests
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Forest Threat Western Sonoma County, summer near Table Mountain, west of Cazadero Photo courtesy of Dave Rizzo, UC Davis
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SOD distribution
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California Oak Mortality Task Force
SOD Distribution California Oak Mortality Task Force
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Other Pathogens of Concern
Phytophthora Pythium spp. Fusarium spp. Phytophthora spp. Rhizoctonia spp. Powdery Mildews Fusarium Powdery Mildews
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Residual is left and water is applied to the crop?
Working Premise Ozone can be used to address pathogen proliferation & water use efficiency issues in the greenhouse & nursery industries Standard Approach Treat irrigation water Treat run-off water But what happens if… This is all and well, but we need to know now is the best way to go about it…and we need to be able to convey this to the growers Residual is left and water is applied to the crop?
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IF we leave a residual… What are the phytotoxicity levels?
Is off-gassing going to be a problem? Can foliar pathogens be controlled? Can hardware handle it? etcetera
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Nursery Bench Trials Determining appropriate application levels
Five economically significant nursery crops Five treatment levels (control; 0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 6.0 mg/l) Split-plot design
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Test System Raw Water
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Response to Ozone Application
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Sample of Leaf Injury
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Ozone Loss During Irrigation
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Pathogen Control Capacity
Are the levels of ozone that are plant safe sufficient to control the pathogens?
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At least in some cases… Currently looking at; Pythium spp.
Fusarium spp. Phytophthora spp. Rhizoctonia spp. Powdery Mildews
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Early Results
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Outline Coming Soon… Commercial Trial Plans
The Greenhouse & Nursery Industries (in Canada) Sudden Oak Death & Other Beasties What, Where & Why What’s on the Go ‘Bench’ trials Coming Soon… Commercial Trial Plans Summary
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The Next Step Summer 2007 Complete ‘loop’ scale up
Nursery commercial trials Initial small volume trial; rising to 0.6+Ml/d Greenhouse trials Begonia operation Cut rose operation Complete ‘loop’ scale up Evaluate pathogen control
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Commercial Trials Greenhouse Nursery
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Scaling Up 1000’s litres litres/day 10 000’s litres/day
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Summary Nursery bench trial results Engineering work to be done
Direct application of O3(aq) is possible but needs to be tested on the species of interest Promising for foliar/root pathogen management Engineering work to be done Balance doses needed to treat water with residual levels that do not result in phytotoxicity Lots of work yet to be done Monitor foliar pathogens under ozonation Expand the number of species tested Investigate other production systems NFT, drip, flooding etc.
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Canadale Nurseries Inc. (Tom Intven)
Thanks To Earth and Environmental Technologies Agricultural Adaptation Council (Agriculture & Agrifood Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs) Matt Hannaberg Canadale Nurseries Inc. (Tom Intven)
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Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
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