1. Weathering
Chapter 2 Lesson 1

2. Weathering and Its Effects
The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth’s surface over time are called weathering.
Over thousands of years, weathering can break rock into smaller and smaller pieces, such as sand, silt, and clay.

3. Mechanical Weathering
When physical processes naturally break rocks into smaller pieces, mechanical weathering occurs.
The chemical makeup of a rock stays the same during mechanical weathering.
Mechanical weathering can be caused by ice wedging, abrasion, plants, and animals.

8. Mechanical Weathering (cont.)
An example of mechanical weathering is when the intense heat of a forest fire causes nearby rocks to expand and crack.
When something is broken into smaller pieces, it has a greater surface area.
Surface area is the amount of space on the outside of an object.

9. What are four ways mechanical weathering breaks large rocks into smaller pieces?

10. Chemical Weathering
Chemical weathering changes the materials that are part of a rock into new materials.
These granite obelisks show how chemical weathering can affect some rock.

11. Chemical Weathering (cont.)
Water is important in chemical weathering because most substances dissolve in water.
The process of dissolving breaks up the minerals in the rock into small pieces. The small pieces mix with water to form a solution and are washed away from the rock.
Acids are also agents of chemical weathering and cause more chemical weathering than pure water does.

12. Chemical Weathering (cont.)
Oxidation combines the element oxygen with other elements or molecules.
The product of oxidation is called an oxide.
When rocks that contain iron oxidize, a layer of iron oxide forms on the outside surface.

13. Chemical Weathering (cont.)
How does chemical weathering change rock?

14. Weathering is the mechanical and chemical processes that change things over time.
Mechanical weathering does not change the identity of the materials that make up rocks. It breaks up rocks into smaller pieces.

15. Chemical weathering is the process that changes the minerals that are part of every rock into new materials. Oxidation and reaction with an acid are both examples of chemical weathering.

16. The minerals that make up rock change during which of these?
A. mechanical weathering
B. chemical weathering
C. ice wedging
D. abrasion

17. Which of these are agents of chemical weathering?
A. water
B. acids
C. animals
D. A and B

18. Which term refers to the amount of space exposed on the outside of an object?
A. oxidation
B. mechanical weathering
C. surface area
D. abrasion