1. Chemistry of Life

2. The universe is composed of either _______ or _______.
matter
energy

3. mass space Matter is anything that has _______ and takes up ________.
What are some examples of matter?
trees
air
bear
rocks
soil
water

4. All matter is made up of ________. atoms
An atom is the smallest unit of matter.

5. Although there is a huge variety of matter on earth,
all matter is composed of atoms,
and all atoms share the same basic structure.

6. protons neutrons electrons protons electrons neutrons
Atoms consist of three types of smaller particles: _______________ are positively charged ( ) _______________ are neutral (no charge, ) _______________ are negatively charged ( )  
protons +1
neutrons
electrons -1
protons
electrons
neutrons

7. +1
What is the charge of a proton? _____
What is the charge of a neutron? _____ -1
What is the charge of a electron? _____

8. nucleus protons neutrons nucleus The area in the center of the atom is
called the ________ and it contains ________ and _________.
nucleus
protons
neutrons
nucleus

9. Are all atoms identical
Are all atoms identical? ______ How does one atom differ from another atom? ____________________________ no
In the number of protons and electrons

10. Hydrogen atom
Helium atom 1
# protons = ___ 2
# protons = ____
# neutrons = ____ 2
# neutrons = ____ 1
# electrons = ____ 2
# electrons = ____
overall charge = __________
+2 + (-2) = 0
overall charge = __________
+1 + (-1) = 0

11. 3 3 4 + = How many protons in this atom? _____ How many electrons
How many neutrons
in this atom? _____ 4
What is the overall charge
of this atom? ______________ + =
(+3)
(-3)

12. Atoms are neutral when they have the same number protons as electrons.
number of protons =
number of electrons
How many protons
in this atom? _____ 6
How many electrons
in this atom? _____ + + + + 6 + +
What is the overall charge
of this atom? _____

13. Element Key 6 C Carbon 12.011 # of protons Symbol of element
Name of Element
Atomic mass

14. carbon, C
An atom with 6 proton is an atom of ___________. An atom with 7 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 8 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 20 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 47 protons is an atom of _________. An atom with 79 protons is an atom of _________.
nitrogen, N
oxygen, O
calcium, Ca
silver, Ag
gold, Au

15. Matter can be composed of an element, a compound, or a mixture.
Element – a pure substance made of
one type of atom, and it
cannot be broken down.
Aluminum, Al

16. Helium gas What is helium? An element He He He He He He He He He He He

17. Diamond What are diamonds composed of ? Billions of carbon atoms!!! C

18. There are 109 elements.
What makes one element different from another element?

19. The atoms of different elements are different!
Theirs atoms!
The atoms of different elements
are different!
A hydrogen atom
A carbon atom

20. How are these atoms different?
The atoms of differ in the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
A hydrogen atom
A carbon atom

21. There are 109 different atoms.

22. There are 109 elements on Earth, but only about 25 are found in organisms.

23. Elements found in living organisms:
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sulfur
Chlorine
Sodium
Magnesium
Iodine
Fluorine
Iron
Bromine
Aluminum
Silicon
Manganese

24. 96% of the mass of a human is made of only 4 elements – carbon,
96% of the mass of a human is made of only 4 elements – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

25. You are mostly composed of:
hydrogen
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen

26. Composition of the Human Body 65% oxygen. 1. 5% calcium
Composition of the Human Body 65% oxygen 1.5% calcium % potassium 18% carbon 1.2% phosphorus % sodium 10% hydrogen 0.2% sulfur and other elements 3% nitrogen  

27. Most elements do not exist alone. Elements combine to form compounds.
Compound - a pure substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. O H H

28. O WATER - - - H2O H H Chemical formula? one atom of oxygen
Chemical bond O H H
one atom of oxygen
Water is composed of __________________ and
____________________ joined by _______________
two atoms of hydrogen
chemical bonds.

29. O C O CARBON DIOXIDE - - - CO2 Chemical formula? one atom of carbon
Double bonds
one atom of carbon
CO2 is composed of __________________ and
___________________ joined by _______________
two atoms of oxygen
chemical bonds.

30. H N H H AMMONIA - - - NH3 Chemical formula? one atom of nitrogen
Ammonia is composed of ___________________ and
______________________ joined by _______________
one atom of nitrogen
three atoms of hydrogen
chemical bonds.

31. C12H22O11 table sugar (sucrose) 11 atoms 12 atoms of oxygen of carbon
of hydrogen

32. O H H Water, H2O The elements that make up a compound
   
The elements that make up a compound
are held together by chemical bonds.
A chemical bond is a force of attraction
between two atoms.
Chemical bond
Chemical bond O
 Water, H2O H H

33. There are two types of chemical bonds:
Covalent bond
Ionic bond

34. O Covalent bond Covalent bond – chemical bond between atoms
   
Covalent bond – chemical bond between atoms
in which electrons are shared.
Covalent bond O H H

35. Cl- Ionic bond (2) Ionic bond – chemical bond between atoms
   
(2) Ionic bond – chemical bond between atoms
in which electrons are transferred
to other atom.
Ionic bond
Cl-
Na+

36.    
What is an element?
Only one type of atom

37. ELEMENT
One type of atom
Only red atoms
Only blue atoms

38.    
What is a compound?
Two or more different elements

39. COMPOUND Two or more different atoms chemically attached
Two different atoms
Three different atoms

40. Element or compound?
element
compound
compound
element
compound