1. 4G Technology

2. 4G Definition
4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packet-switched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.

3. 0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone service was introduced, and was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephone network.
In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog systems were based upon IMTS and were created in the late 60s and early 70s.

4. 1G Technology 1G had two major improvements: Analog signal
1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970’s.
1G had two major improvements:
the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control link between the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal

5. 2G Technology
Around 1980’s
Better quality & capacity - More people could use there phones at the same time
Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

6. Previous Technology - 2G
Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s
Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge

7. Previous Technology - 2G
Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower than an ISDN

8. Previous Technology - 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals that require less battery
Power–CODEC introduction -program that encodes and decodes digital data stream or signal
Translates data from digital to analog and vice versa

9. Previous Technology - 2G

10. Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G
The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking
increase sound quality
lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer
SMS –“short message service”

11. Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage area
Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls
Analog –gradual sound reduction
“Spotty” coverage

12. 3G Technology Large capacity and broadband capabilities
Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps
Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz
A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G–Global roaming

13. Previous Technology - 3G
CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
Form of multiplexing
Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency
Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel

14. Code Division Multiple Access

15. Types of Multiplexing FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the entire duration of the call

16. Types of Multiplexing TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated a spot in the frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted

17. Types of Multiplexing CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is uniquely encoded and transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as spread spectrum transmission

18. Reasons for New Research
Even though 3G has successfully been introduced to mobile users, there are some issues that are debated by 3G providers and users.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses
Great differences in the licensing terms
3G phones are expensive

19. Fourth Generation

20. What is 4G? Fourth Generation Technology Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard n
Most information is proprietary

21. Communications Architecture
Broadcast layer:
fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)
Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)

22. Communications Architecture
Personal Layer Gateway:
devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone, fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
Info-Sensor layer:
environmental sensors
Fiber-optic wire layer:
high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic cables and repeaters

23. Ad Hoc Networks Spontaneous self organization of networks of devices
Not necessarily connected to internet
4G will create hybrid wireless networks using Ad Hoc networks
Form of mesh networking–Very reliable

24. Enhance Mobile Gaming
Experience enhance wireless capabilities that deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than five seconds
Play online multi player games while traveling at high speeds or sitting outside

25. Broadband access in Remote location
4G will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access
I will provide first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.