1. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu Livia Segurado  

2. THE ELIZABETHAN AGE AND MIND
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE ELIZABETHAN AGE AND MIND
Queen Elizabeth I (reign: )
Portrait of Elizabeth I of England in her coronation robes. Copy c. 1600–1610

3. REFORMATION AND POLITICS
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
REFORMATION AND POLITICS
King Henry VIII (reign: )
Portrait of Henry VIII of England Copy of Hans Holbein the Younger or 1537

4. REFORMATION AND POLITICS
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
REFORMATION AND POLITICS
The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that affected the practice of Christianity across all of Europe during this period. Based on Henry VIII's desire for an annulment of his marriage (first requested of Pope Clement VII in 1527), because he wanted to marry somebody else who could give him an heir. the English Reformation was at the outset more of a political affair than a theological dispute. The break with Rome was effected by a series of acts of Parliament passed between 1532 and 1534, among them the 1534 Act of Supremacy which declared that Henry was the "Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England.“ Following Mary's childless death, her half-sister Elizabeth inherited the throne. One of the most important concerns during Elizabeth's early reign was religion. Elizabeth could not be Roman Catholic, as that church considered her illegitimate. At the same time, she had observed the turmoil brought about by Edward's introduction of radical Protestant reforms. Communion with the Roman Catholic Church was again severed by Elizabeth. She relied primarily on her chief advisors, Sir William Cecil, as her Secretary of State, and Sir Nicholas Bacon, as the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, for direction on the matter. Chiefly she supported her father's idea of reforming the church but made some minor adjustments. In this way, Elizabeth and her advisors aimed at a church that included most opinions.

5. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016  Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE FOUR ELEMENTS

6. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016  Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE FOUR HUMOURS

7. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016  Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE FOUR HUMOURS

8. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016  Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE FOUR HUMOURS

9. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016  Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE FOUR HUMOURS

10. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016  Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
MACROCOSM - MICROCOSM
The Ancient and Medieval cosmos as depicted in Peter Apian's Cosmographia (Antwerp, 1539).

11. IAA L35 ANGLAIS 2015-2016  Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
MACROCOSM - MICROCOSM
Macrocosm and microcosm is an ancient Greek Neo-Platonic schema of seeing the same patterns reproduced in all levels of the cosmos, from the largest scale (macrocosm or universe-level) all the way down to the smallest scale (microcosm or sub-sub-atomic or even metaphysical-level). In the system the midpoint is Man, who summarizes the cosmo.
Macrocosm/microcosm is a Greek compound of μακρο- "Macro-" and μικρο- "Micro-," which are Greek respectively for "large" and "small," and the word κόσμος kósmos which means "order" as well as "world" or "ordered world.“
The paired concept of Macrocosm and Microcosm presents the idea that there is a corresponding similarity in pattern, nature, or structure between human beings and the universe. The concept of microcosm/macrocosm views man as a smaller representation of the universe.
Cosmos means not only the totality of the universe but it implies that the universe is ordered by the principle of harmony and balance.
In Neo-Platonism, the cosmos and human being are conceived not as totally separated beings but as a continuous existence. The soul and body or the spirituality and the materiality were conceived as one fused existence, and the fusion of spirituality/materiality was applied to all beings.
With the idea of God's Creation of the universe, the concept of man as a microcosm flourished. Thomas Aquinas ( ) explained that man exists in a level between the angelic and the animal realm, or between the spiritual and physical realm. In other words, he conceived the human being as a microcosm that encapsulates the entire cosmos by containing both spirituality and materiality.

12. Ptolemaic view of the universe
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
ASTRONOMY
Ptolemaic view of the universe
Figure of the heavenly bodies — An illustration of the Ptolemaic geocentric system by Portuguese cosmographer and cartographer Bartolomeu Velho, 1568 (Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris)

13. Ptolemeus’s geocentric model
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
ASTRONOMY
Ptolemeus’s geocentric model

14. Copernican view of the universe
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
ASTRONOMY
Copernican view of the universe
Heliocentric model from Nicolaus Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543)

15. ORDER – THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
ORDER – THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING
Hierarchical scale

16. THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING
Hierarchical scale

17. THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING
IAA L35 ANGLAIS   Patterns of Individuality – Les figures de l’individu
08/05/2018
THE GREAT CHAIN OF BEING