1. Myanmar Opium Survey 2004

2. Opium poppy cultivation in 2004 estimated to have decreased to 44,200 ha
29% decrease since 2003
66% cumulative decrease since 1998 and 73% since 1996
-73%
US Department of State
GoUM - UNODC

3. 2nd opium producer in the world after Afghanistan
The Union of Myanmar
(former Burma)
Population : 52 million
GDP / capita: ~US$ 160
2nd opium producer in the world after Afghanistan
Opium Poppy cultivation concentrated in the Shan State
Shan State

4. Decrease mostly in Northern Shan State and in the Wa region
Underlying reasons for changes:
In Northern Shan State and outside the Shan State: Strong message send by the Central Gvt to the farmers lead to a decrease in opium poppy cultivation
In the region controlled by the Wa authorities, opium poppy cultivation declined by 18%. The Wa authorities announced a total elimination of opium poppy for the 2005/2006 season
Internal tensions in Southern and Eastern Shan State, less control by the Central Gvt; opium poppy cultivation remains stable or increased slightly.

5. METHODOLOGY OF THE 2004 OPIUM SURVEY
In the Shan State:
59 high-resolution satellite images (IKONOS, 4-meter multispectral)
68 opium fields measured
598 villages surveyed
- 6,592 households interviewed
SHAN STATE

6. Opium poppy cultivation in the Golden Triangle since 1990:
cumulative reduction of 77% between 1991 and 2004
-77%

7. Potential heroin production decreased to 37 tons
2004 Myanmar opium production: record low at 370 tons
Potential heroin production decreased to 37 tons
(-54% compared to 2003)
-54%

8. No indication of increase in ATS production
Reported seizure of ATS in Myanmar kg kg
Reported seizure of ATS in neighbouring countries

9. Opium farm-gate prices increased by 80%
Mong Pawk Opiun Price Monitor
All Shan State
Total potential
farm-gate value of opium in 2004:
US$87 million
(1% – 2 % of GDP)

10. How does opium poppy cultivation stand up against other income generation activities?
260,000 households involved in opium poppy cultivation
Opium family
214 US$/year
Non-Opium family
276 US$/year

11. Addressing Basic Human Needs
UNODC’s Response:
Addressing Basic Human Needs
Opium farmers rely on poppy income to offset chronic rice deficits
2005 opium ban in the Wa will exacerbate poverty of farmers, 2003 ban in Kokang had dramatic consequences
UNODC aims to address the basic human needs of poppy farmers and their families
Food security
Medical care
Education

12. Five Key Goals - UNODC Response (KOWI Programme):
Humanitarian
Providing food security for the affected poor
Sustainability
Consolidating achievements by offering alternatives
Human rights
Reductions without alternatives open up the door for human rights abuses – forced relocation and labor
Domestic political reform
Current drug situation breeds instability and hinders political transition
Regional security
Drugs create transnational problems from HIV/AIDS to corruption and money laundering