2. Language (Verbal Communication)
The past, the present, and the future all walk into a bar. It was tense.

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4. Overview Analogical vs. Digital codes Language vs. Language use
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
4 characteristics of language
Understand the concepts in each
Be able to recognize examples from each
Levels of Meaning
Coordinated Management of Meaning
What is the overall purpose of CMM? (hint: which “rule” does it apply to?)
Know the 6 aspects of CMM
Be able to apply them to a situation
Know the application of constitutive vs. regulative rules

5. What does this mean?
დავით ლომიაშვილი

6. Foundations of Language
Digital codes
Meaning is conveyed symbolically
Symbols are units of meaning that are arbitrary and conventional
Verbal
Best to convey: Abstract, logical meaning
Analogic codes
Indicate meaning by being similar to what they convey
Nonverbal
Best to convey: Relational, emotional meaning

7. Foundations of Language
Language is a structure
Words, grammatical rules, speech sounds
Language and reality are separate
Language as a structured system representing reality
Language use is not arbitrary
Meanings attached to structure = meaning

8. Foundations of Language
All people know is determined by language use
Saussure believes that signs/symbols are not referential, signs/symbols constitute objects
Language = formal system
Speech = actual use of language to accomplish a purpose
Communicators do not create rules of language
Communicators DO create forms of speech

9. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Linguistic Determination
Language  Way we interpret world
Linguistic Relativity
Speakers of different languages experience world differently

10. 1. Symbols and words are arbitrary
Denotative definition
Connotative definition
Example:
Jerk
Denotative: dictionary
Connotative: the meaning that a group ascribes to the word, private and often emotional

11. 1. Symbols and words are arbitrary
We decide what meanings are attributed to symbols
Cultural level
Generational level
Personal level
Your behaviors, actions , experience can define a word for someone else
*Think about a time when misunderstanding was due to a different definition of a word
Cultural – what is this picture of? Generational, English, recognized culturally
Example – lift in Ireland

12. 2. Language allows us to create realities
We define world we live through language
Learning a new language
*Look for words that cause physiological and emotional reactions in others
Story about Joe - stupid

13. 3. Language gives us the ability to think in different ways
Abstract and complex
*Think about what you learn in class – how does that change how you think?

14. 4. Language allows for self-reflexivity
We can talk about how we talk  self-reflexivity
Without this, we wouldn’t have a communication discipline
*Think about how you influence other people by the way you talk to them.
What worlds will you create or change with your words today?

15. Levels of Meaning Semantic Meaning Syntactic Meaning Pragmatic Meaning
At level of word
Connotative and denotative
Syntactic Meaning
At level of utterance
Word order
Pragmatic Meaning
At level of speech act
Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM)
*Which ones do we focus on in this class?

16. Coordinated Management of Meaning
How we create meaning in our mind for a specific situation
Coordinate 6 different variables
Do this instantly and pragmatically

17. Coordinated Management of Meaning
Cultural Pattern
What group do I identify with?
Life Script
Who am I?
Relationship
Who are we to one another?
Episode
What activity are we engaged in? Situation?
Speech Act
What is the sender trying to do?
Content
Actual words

18. Coordinated Management of Meaning
Constitutive Rules: tell us how to interpret or give meaning to behavior
Regulative Rules: guide speaker or actor’s behavior (what’s acceptable)

19. Take Away Points Vocab: digital and analogic codes, language, speech
Know the difference between language as a structure and language (or speech) as the means through which to accomplish a goal
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Know the 4 points outlined about language
Understand the concepts in each
Be able to recognize examples from each
What is the overall purpose of the Coordinated Management of Meaning? (hint: which “rule” does it apply to?)
Know the 6 aspects of Coordinated Management of Meaning
Be able to apply them to a situation
Know the application of constitutive vs. regulative rules