1. Splash Screen

2. Section 1: Exploration and Expansion
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Exploration and Expansion
Section 2: The Atlantic Slave Trade
Section 3: Colonial Latin America
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. The Atlantic Slave Trade
How did European expansion and the slave trade affect the people of Africa?
Chapter Intro 2

4. The BIG Idea
Human Rights European expansion affected Africa with the dramatic increase of the slave trade.
Section 2-Main Idea

5. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary colony mercantilism
balance of trade
subsidies
plantations
triangular trade
Middle Passage
Academic Vocabulary
transportation
primary
Section 2-Key Terms

6. People and Places
King Afonso
Benin
Section 2-Key Terms

7. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism
The slave trade increased as enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas.
Section 2

8. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
The nations of Europe created trading empires and established colonies in the Americas and in the East.
Colonies were an integral part of mercantilism, an economic theory based on gold and a limited amount of wealth in the world.
Bullion – gold and silver
Section 2

9. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
Colonies provided raw materials and markets for finished goods.
To bring in more gold, nations tried to have a favorable balance of trade and export more goods than they imported.
To encourage exports, governments granted subsidies and improved transportation systems.
Built roads and canals
Section 2

10. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
Slavery had existed since ancient times, and African slaves served as domestic servants in Southwest Asia.
The demand for slaves changed dramatically with the discovery of American and with the introduction of sugarcane. Labor was needed to work the plantations where sugarcane was grown.
Atlantic Slave Trade, 1500–1600s
Section 2

11. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
Slaves became an important commodity in the triangular trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
As many as 10 million African slaves may have been brought to the Americas between 1500 and the late 1800s.
Atlantic Slave Trade, 1500–1600s
Section 2

12. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.)
One reason for the high number of exported slaves was the high mortality rate, especially during the Middle Passage, the journey across the Atlantic Ocean.
The slave trade devastated the population of African communities near the coastal regions.
Some African rulers, such as King Afonso of the Congo protested but were ignored by African and European slave traders.
Atlantic Slave Trade, 1500–1600s
Section 2

13. What caused the demand for slaves to increase?
A. The Treaty of Tordesillas
B. The need to populate the Americas
C. The introduction of sugarcane
D. To maintain a balance of trade between Africa and Europe A B C D
Section 2

14. Effects of the Slave Trade
The slave trade led to depopulation, increased warfare, and devastation for many African states.
Section 2

15. Effects of the Slave Trade (cont.)
Effects of the slave trade in Africa:
depopulated areas
increased warfare
loss of the strongest and youngest men and women
Section 2

16. Effects of the Slave Trade (cont.)
Benin was transformed from a brilliant society into a brutal, war-ravaged region following the introduction of slavery.
The use of enslaved Africans was widely accepted until the Society of Friends (Quakers) began to condemn it in the 1770s.
The French abolished slavery in the 1790s; the English abolished slavery in 1807; and slavery continued in the United States until the 1860s.
Section 2

17. B. French Revolutionary Society C. Society of Friends
Which group condemned slavery and began an anti-slavery movement in Europe?
A. Beninnites
B. French Revolutionary Society
C. Society of Friends
D. European Anti-Slavery Coalition A B C D
Section 2

18. Section 2-End

19. EARLY EXPLORATION of West Africa, India, and the Americas
Motivated by religious zeal, gold, and glory, Europeans began to explore distant lands.
The Portuguese sailed east around Africa to India.
Spanish ships sailed west to the Americas.
Spanish conquistadors seized lands ruled by the Aztec and Inca.
Diseases introduced by Spanish explorers killed much of the Native American population.
By the late 1600s, the Dutch, French, and English entered the rivalry for new lands and trade.
VS 1

20. AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE of Europe, Asia, and the Americas
Before the new exploration, the primary market for enslaved Africans had been Southwest Asia.
The demand for plantation laborers in the Americas greatly increased slave trade.
Enslaved Africans were part of the triangular trade between Europe, Africa and Asia, and the Americas.
In Africa, the slave trade led to increased warfare, depopulation, and the deterioration of society.
VS 2

21. COLONIAL EMPIRES of Latin America
The Portuguese and Spanish profited from their colonial empires in Latin America.
Peninsulares were the top social class, followed by creoles, mestizos and mulattoes, and finally enslaved Africans and Native Americans.
Catholic missionaries spread across the Americas to try to Christianize Native Americans.
VS 3

22. VS-End

23. Figure 1

24. Figure 2

25. Figure 3

26. Figure 3a

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28. Chapter Trans

29. Unit Timeline Trans

30. CnETrans

31. DFS Trans 1

32. DFS Trans 2

33. DFS Trans 3

34. conquistador
a Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Vocab1

35. encomienda
a system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas; Spanish landowners had the right, as granted by Queen Isabella, to use Native Americans as laborers
Vocab2

36. Columbian Exchange
the extensive exchange of plants and animals between the Old and New Worlds, especially during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Vocab3

37. overseas movement or transport over the sea; land beyond the sea
Vocab4

38. percent
a part of a whole divided into 100 parts
Vocab5

39. colony
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
Vocab6

40. mercantilism
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
Vocab7

41. balance of trade
the difference in value beween what a nation imports and what it exports over time
Vocab8

42. subsidy
government payment to encourage or protect a certain economic activity
Vocab9

43. plantation
a large agricultural estate
Vocab10

44. triangular trade
a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa and Asia, and the American continents; typically, manufactured goods from Europe were sent to Africa, where they were exchanged for enslaved persons, who were sent to the Americas, where they were exchanged for raw materials that were then sent to Europe
Vocab11

45. Middle Passage
the journey of enslaved persons from Africa to the Americas, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
Vocab12

46. transportation
means of travel from one place to another
Vocab13

47. primary
most important
Vocab14

48. peninsulare
a person born on the Iberian Peninsula; typically, a Spanish or Portuguese official who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe
Vocab15

49. creole
a person of European descent born in the New World and living there permanently
Vocab16

50. mestizo a person of mixed European and Native American Indian descent
Vocab17

51. mulatto
a person of mixed African and European descent
Vocab18

52. mita
a labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work in the Spanish landowners’ silver mines
Vocab19

53. labor
people with all their abilities and efforts
Vocab20

54. draft
to select for some purpose; to conscript
Vocab21

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