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Stair-related injuries sustained by infants, United States, 2001–2004

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1 Stair-related injuries sustained by infants, United States, 2001–2004
Karin A. Mack, Ph.D. National Center for Injury Prevention & Control Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention

2 Background 11 deaths from falls on/from stairs among infants <1 between ; 8 deaths for those aged 1 year Chances of serious injury in fall from low height Relevant factors Fall height Impact surface Landing position/body orientation Velocity Mass Age

3 10 leading causes of nonfatal unintentional injuries for infants (treated in US emergency departments), 2006 Rank Mechanism 1 Fall 127,747 2 Struck by/Against 30,872 3 Bite/Sting 12,456 4 Foreign Body 10,903 5 Fire/burn 10,378 Rank Mechanism 6 Other 7,965 7 Overexertion 7,531 8 MV occupant 6,885 9 Poisoning 6,877 10 Cut/pierce 6,479

4 Data and Methods Data were from the 2001–2004 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program (NEISS–AIP) Mechanism, intent, diagnosis, body part affected, disposition, place, age, sex, narrative, product code Cases were selected if: a product code indicated stairs the child was age ≤12 months the injury was unintentional Case narratives were reviewed and coded Estimates were weighted

5 Data and Methods Cases were coded into seven categories:
patient was being carried and the caregiver fell patient was being carried and was dropped or fell from the caregiver’s arms the patient fell or rolled down the stairs patient fell from a car seat, stroller, or other carrier on the stairs, or was in the carrier and went down the stairs patient was in a baby walker and went down the stairs patient struck a stair other MOTHER SLIPPED/FELL WITH CHILD IN HER ARMS DOWN THE STAIRS SUSTAINING LEFT PERIORBITAL CONTUSION. PT FELL OUT OF MOM'S ARM DOWN STAIRS DX HEAD TRAUMA ROLLED DOWN 10 CARPETED STEPS, NO LOC. FOREHEAD CONTUSION. MOM CARRYING PT IN A STROLLER/CAR SEAT UP STEPS, WHEN PT FELL OUT AND ONTO CONCRETE STEPS, SKULL FRACTURE PT IN BABY WALKER FELL DOWN 13 STEPS TODAY HITTING HEAD, SKULL FX CLIMBING STEPS AT HOME AND HIT MOUTH ON STEP. LACERATION TO TONGUE. PT. RODE A TOY DOWN SOME STAIRS, RESULTING IN AN AVULSION OF HIS TEETH

6 Results An estimated 20,600 infants were treated annually in emergency departments for injuries related to stairs. Male infants were significantly more likely than female infants to sustain injuries related to stairs Male= 56.5% % CI Female= 43.5% 95% CI

7 Circumstances of nonfatal emergency department treated falls down stairs among infants, US, Circumstance Percent (95 % CI) Fell or rolled 61.2 ( ) Being carried and caregiver fell 12.7 ( ) Walker 10.2 ( ) Car seat, stroller, carrier 6.9 ( ) Being carried and dropped or fell from arms 4.1 ( ) Struck step 2.6 ( ) Other 2.4 ( )

8 Circumstances of nonfatal stair related injury event among infants, by month of age, US, 2001-2004

9 Injury sustained in nonfatal fall down stairs among infants, US, 2001-2004
Diagnosis Percent (95% CI) Contusion/Abrasion 41.1 ( ) Internal injury 30.4 ( ) Laceration 9.4 ( ) Fracture 8.3 ( ) Concussion 2.7 ( ) Hematoma 2.6 ( ) Strain/Sprain 1.4 ( ) Dental injury 1.2 ( ) Other 2.9 ( )

10 NEISS–AIP only provides national estimates
Limitations NEISS–AIP only includes injuries treated in hospital emergency departments NEISS–AIP only provides national estimates NEISS–AIP does not provide detailed sociodemographic information on individuals Narratives occasionally provided little detail FELL DOWN STEPS DX: HEAD CONTUSION

11 Falls in children are complex
Conclusions 26,000 infants were treated annually in emergency departments for nonfatal injuries related to stairs 8% of infants of infants sustained fractures Male infants significantly more likely than female infants to sustain injuries related to stairs Falls in children are complex Developmental stage Hazards Supervision Prevention

12 Karin A. Mack


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