1. A STUDY OF THE 13 Colonies

2. Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

3. Founding
Pilgrims-Separatist group trying to get away from the Church of England (Anglican), landed at Plymouth.
Puritans & John Winthrop- strict religious group established Boston, Winthrop was chosen as royal governor
Great Migration-15,000 people migrated from England led by Winthrop to escape religious persecution
Thomas Hooker- began the colony of Connecticut because he disagreed with the intolerant teachings of Winthrop.
Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson- Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island because he felt government shouldn’t dictate what religion people should follow; Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts for holding bible study in her home.

4. Government
Mayflower Compact- established by the Pilgrims is the first form of self- government in the colonies. They chose their own leaders and made laws as a group.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- First written constitution in the Americas drafted mostly by Thomas Hooker; it described how government would be organized for the colony of Connecticut.
Virginia House of Burgesses- First representative government in the colonies, leaders were chosen from wealthy landowners who were also Anglican.

5. Society
Great Migration-15,000 people migrated from England led by Winthrop to escape religious persecution
Meeting House-Essentially the town hall where all decision were made and also where the church was usually located. 01z5I
Enlightenment- Idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society.

6. Economics Subsistence Farming
Main labor source on farms _child labor, some indentured servants
Other important industries
Lumber, fishing, whaling, grain, rum
Triangular Trade Routes (including the role of rum)
New England
Rum
Molasses, gold, slaves
Africa
Slaves, gold
West Indies

7. Founding of the Middle Colonies
Dutch- established New Amsterdam, what we now know of as New York, before it was taken by the English
Duke of York- Took the land from the Dutch and renamed it New York in honor of his land in England.
Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret- established the colonies of New Jersey and Delaware.
William Penn- established Pennsylvania for his religious group the Quakers. It was to be a harmonious life living alongside the Native Americans and should be paid for not stolen. He made laws protecting freedom of religion, and interactions with the Natives.

8. Founding Continued
Quakers- religious, pacifist (non-violent) religion which felt everyone was equal and should be treated as such, including Native Americans and Africans. They were known as the “Society of Friends” and treated all with respect and love.

9. Government
Proprietary Colony- Any colony granted solely to an individual to govern as they see fit such as Pennsylvania and Maryland (land and government)
Promises made to attract colonists- Free land, freedom of religion, voting rights for men.
Democracy- government in which the people vote on laws and leaders (ex: Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Pennsylvania gov.)

10. Society
Quaker Ideals- Society of Friends believed that everyone should be treated equal, everyone has right to vote and be a part of government (men); pacifists who believed war was wrong and never the answer.
Cultural Diversity- many different cultures, religions, and lifestyles all together in one area makes it unique and diverse (all kinds of different) The middle colonies will be the most diverse in all three regions.

11. Economics Cash crop farming major labor force: indentured servants
Major Crops:
Oats, wheat, barley, rye, corn; BREAD BASKET of the colonies
Largest cities in the colonies by the 1760’s included Philadelphia, New York City, and Dover
Other important industries included iron mining, cattle, lumber and fur trade.
Grain, lumber, fur
England
Middle
Manufactured goods

12. Founding the Southern Colonies
Jamestown & Captain John Smith- 1st successful colony in Virginia led by John Smith. Came for profit, eventually grow tobacco
George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) & Catholics- Established the colony of Maryland as a safe haven for Catholics. (Proprietary colony) Laws implemented to protect Catholics from persecution.
James Oglethorpe- Suggested a buffer was needed between English and Spanish Colonies so if the Spanish were to attack they would attack a less important group of colonies. Debtors would be sent to Georgia as an alternative to prison. This would alleviate the prisons in England and put less desirable people between the Spanish and the English colonists.

14. Government
Virginia House of Burgesses: first (assembly) representative government in the colonies. Only white, property owning, Anglican males could be elected.
Act of Toleration: Law in Maryland allowing for freedom of religion for both Protestants and Catholics.

15. Society
Indentured Servants: Servants who work in exchange for passage to the new world.
Slavery- the practice of humans owning other humans.

16. Economics ___________________________ Farming
Major Crops- tobacco, rice, indigo, later cotton.
Plantation system- Large cash crop farms in which slaves are the main labor source.
Role in Triangular Trade/Transatlantic Slave trade-
England
Tobacco, indigo, rice
cotton
Manufactured goods.
Gold
Southern
Colonies
Africa
Slaves, gold

17. Economic Policies of England
Mercantilism: The colonies exist to benefit the mother country!
All raw materials and natural resources are sold to England
England manufactures raw materials into other things and sells them back to colonists.
Navigation Acts:
Colonists can only sell to Britain (England)
Colonists can only buy from Britain.
Colonists may only use Colonial or British ships to transport goods.
This allows the British to set all prices for sale and purchase.

18. Foundations of American Government
Magna Carta document in which the king is limited in his power. Gave the people trial by jury
Virginia House of Burgesses 1619
Mayflower Compact 1620
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639
English Bill of Rights Gave Englishmen certain rights including reinforcing the trial by jury law from Magna Carta, and declaring other rights and liberties.
Using the Foundations you will create a foldable in you notebook. Each will contain a summary of the government, and an illustration.