1. U.S. History Review Part 2

2. Exploration and Colonization
3 G’s: God, Gold and Glory
These led to the discovery of North American and eventually to colonization.

3. People
Thomas Hooker: Puritan leader who founded Connecticut. Helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – known as the first written constitution in America
William Penn: founder of Pennsylvania. He was a Quaker who provided religious freedom in his colony.
Anne Hutchinson: Banished from Massachusetts Bay colony for holding meetings about her religious views and joined the colony of Rhode Island.
Roger Williams: Founded Rhode Island. Promoted the separation of church and state and religious freedom.

4. Salutary Neglect
A period of time during colonization that Great Britain avoided the strict enforcement of Parliamentary laws that were meant to keep the colonies obedient to the Crown.

5. mercantilism Profitable trading
English trade policy that favored the flow of wealth from the colonies to the mother country.
England controlled trade – raw materials from the colonies were shipped to the mother country; finished goods would leave England and were sold back to the colonies.
It supported the idea that the colonies purpose was to make the mother country richer

6. Triangular trade
Goods such as textiles, slat and firearms would leave Europe and go to West Africa. From Africa, slaves would be take to the West Indies and North America. From the Americas, goods such as rum, sure and tobacco would go back to Europe.
Outline each trade route a different color
Color Africa one color
Color Europe another color
Color North and South America a different color

7. Beginnings of self-government
1607 – Jamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English settlement.
1620 – Mayflower Compact. One of the first forms of Self-government in America. Pilgrims coming over on the Mayflower signed this document creating a Civil Body Politic.
The Virginia House of Burgesses: First Representative Assembly in North America

8. Colonies: Why? Why did people go to America? Political: Social:
Freedom from the Monarchy
Weaken Spain in the Americas by establishing a presence there
Social:
Unemployment
Second and third born sons looking for work
adventure
Economic:
Joint-stock companies looking for money- making business ventures
Mercantilism
Own land
Religious:
Protestant Reformation – leaving the strict requirements of the Church of England

9. Slavery Need for cheap labor to help grow the cash crops in the south
Southern Plantations
The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 made it easier and cheaper to grow cotton – this required more slaves to grow it
Slavery became a controversial issue as more territory was added to the U.S.

10. Comparison Massachusetts (New England) Rocky soil Trade and fishing
Plymouth
Jamestown
Massachusetts (New England)
Rocky soil
Trade and fishing
Cold, long winters; short summers
Pilgrims - separatists
Religious freedom
Struggled in the environment
Virginia (Southern Colony)
Fertile soil
Warm, long summers
Joint-stock companies: settlement for economic reasons
Religion important
Struggled in the environment

11. New England colonies Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut
Rhode Island
Pilgrims and Puritans
Deep harbors
Cold, rocky soil
Self-representation

12. Middle Atlantic Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
Rich farmland
“Breadbasket”
Moderate climate
Religious freedom
trading
Middle Atlantic Colonies

13. Southern colonies The 5 southern belles!
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Plantations
Fertile soil
Warm
Maryland – Catholics
Free from persecution
Georgia - debtors
Southern colonies The 5 southern belles!

14. French and Indian War British want French land in North America
Indians and French vs. British and colonists
Natives worried British would take over land – fought with the French
Treaty of Paris 1763 – Ended the war

15. Proclamation Line of 1763 Appalachian Mountains
Colonists couldn’t move west of the mountains
Whole reason for the war – move west of the mountains and gain lands
Angered colonists

16. Growth of Representative government
Magna Carta – limited rights of the king – 1215
Virginia House of Burgesses – representative assembly
Mayflower Compact – Civil Body Politics – 1620
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
English Bill of Rights – 1689 – guaranteed the rights of the English people