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Susan Ebbers 2005
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Gr. form, structure Gr. study of
MORPH OLOGY Gr. form, structure Gr. study of Morphology is the study of the structure of words as it relates to meaning. It is structural analysis. Morphology may also include the study of word history: etymology.
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} affixes Basic Terms morpheme: smallest unit of meaning in a word
Ex: biographers: 4 morphemes: bio-graph-er-s Types of Morphemes: root or combining form: inspector, thermal base word: unlikely prefix: re-, un-, dis- suffix: -able, -ive, -ly derivation-a word formed from an existing word, root, or affix: electric, electricity } affixes Susan Ebbers 2005
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ugsome malductive triskaidekaphobia hydronauts
Are these real words? What might they mean? ugsome malductive triskaidekaphobia hydronauts
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ALL MIXED UP You know this language that we speak, is part German, part Latin, and part Greek --Peter, Paul, and Mary
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Anglo-Saxon French Latin Greek
Susan Ebbers 2005
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Susan Ebbers 2005
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Anglo-Saxon: Germanic Indo-European Origins
common words: love, child, house, heart (often one syllable) vowel teams: teeth, foot r-controlled: farm, star, storm, shirt wh-what, sh-ship, th-thumb, ch-church, ng-king, nk-thank prepositions, articles, conjunctions: with, to, for, and, the, but… compound words: mankind, blackbird words with silent letters: knee, night, comb, wrinkle, could, thought Susan Ebbers 2005
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"Silent letter patterns such as kn-, wr-, -ough, -ould, and -igh are remnants of Anglo-Saxon, in which those "silent" letters were sounded." McCardle & Chhabra, 2004
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**The brain needs to be prepared for the transition from Anglo-Saxon to Latinate words for three reasons. Students speak Anglo-Saxon but begin to read and write Latin-based derivatives Spelling patterns change: /sh/ -- ci, ti, si; /f/ -- ph, etc. Structural changes: Latin prefix-root-suffix,Greek combining forms, multisyllabic words with schwa Without this preparation for a change in word structure the brain may be perplexed.
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Susan Ebbers 2005
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LATIN STRUCTURE Latin words follow a strict structure
Prefixes, if used, must be placed before the root and suffixes must follow the root Latin roots (spect, vis, ject, rupt) are unlikely to stand alone as an English word The Latin root usually receives the accent or stress: e ject' port' ability in script' ion at tract' ive
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Latin: Some Common Roots
trans port able dis rupt ion pre script re tract or inter cept pro ject ile de struct con duct miss al sub vers ive e dict to carry to break to write to pull to take to throw to build to lead to send to turn to speak Susan Ebbers 2005
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20 Most Frequent Prefixes in School Texts
1. unable 2. review inedible (impotent, illegal, irresponsible) distrust enlighten (empower) nonsense inside, implant overcome misguided submarine prefix interrupt forewarn derail transfer supersonic semicircle antitrust midterm underfed Susan Ebbers 2005
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Prefixes: Meaning and Connotation
Often Negative dis-, de- non- sub- in- un- mis- mal- anti, contra a- Somewhat Positive pro- co- bene- super- com- be- en-, em- ad- Susan Ebbers 2005
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supportive unsupportive supportively import importer importation
portfolio portable portability support supporter supportive unsupportive supportively import importer importation deport deportee deportation port: to carry (L.) transport transporter transportation report reporter Susan Ebbers 2005
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Susan Ebbers 2005
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GREEK WORD ORIGINS a y for /i/ as in symphony and typhoid
a ch for /k/ as in chorus and chaos a ps for /s/ and in pseudonym and psychology a ph for /f/ as in sphere and epitaph the letter x as in xylophone, dyslexia, xenophobe Greek morphemes have no strict structure: graph biography graphic mimeograph
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Greek Combining Forms hydro graph geo pyro polis neuro ortho scope
photo therm crat psych chron phobe pseud onym crypt helio logy sphere the, theo
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Counting in Greek and Latin
mono uni di bi du, duo tri tetra quadri penta hexa sept oct nove deca deci cent milli poly multi semi hemi
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Developing content-specific, academic vocabulary depends on a basic understanding of Greek and Latin
Sixty percent of the words in English texts are of Latin and Greek origin
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gram, graph to write, written grammar graph gram grammar school
photograph polygraph mimeograph phonograph telegraph paragraph telegram mammogram histogram anagram cryptogram monogram electrocardiogram photographer cartographer geographer cryptographer autobiographer xylographer paleographer biographer graphite grapheme graphologist graphic graphically grammar school grammar books rules of grammar grammatical grammatically ungrammatical ungrammatically grammatology graph grammar gram, graph to write, written Greek gram Susan Ebbers 2005
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ANGLO-SAXON, FRENCH, LATIN, and GREEK
SO MANY SYNONYMS ANGLO-SAXON, FRENCH, LATIN, and GREEK Anglo-Saxon French Latin or Greek cook sauté concoct holy sacred consecrated kingly royal regal wreck sabotage subvert hearten encourage inspire show cinema theater
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ENGLISH: A RICH VOCABULARY SO MANY SHADES OF MEANING
“A Positive Emotion” GLAD PLEASED DELIGHTED OVERJOYED HAPPY CAREFREE LIGHTHEARTED MERRY JOYOUS JOYFUL CHEERY CHEERFUL CONTENT BLITHE BLISSFUL SATISFIED BOUYANT BEATIFIC ECSTATIC EUPHORIC EUPEPSIC
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Let’s Practice Label Greek, Latin, or Anglo-Saxon
Bacteria _____________ Eureka ______________ Biographer _____________ Biology _____________ Transport _____________ Project _____________ Jump ____________ Blood ____________
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Form words with these Greek and Latin bases
Pyro___________ Penta ______________ Hemi _______________ Photo _______________ Chron _______________ Mono ________________ Logy _________________
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Write according to the German-Anglo list.
One syllable word: _____________ One compound word: ____________ One silent pattern word: __________ One vowel team word: ____________ One preposition word: ____________
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ευχαριστώ /efharisto/
THANK YOU Danke Merci Gratias ευχαριστώ /efharisto/ Susan Ebbers 2005
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