1. Ancient Egypt

2. Geography of Egypt
River in Egypt? The Nile flows northward for 4100 miles (UP), making it one of the world’s longest river (2)   What is the Nile Delta? A broad marshy triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the river.  

4. Cataracts: Churning rapids along the Nile
What impact did cataracts have for Egypt?
Slowed down transportation, slowed down
people, slowed down trade.

5. Environmental Challenges
1) Nile floods predictably, every year at the same time
2) Vast desert on either side of the Nile, kept people close to the river
Examples of advanced cities
1) Memphis – capitol of Egypt in the old kingdom under King Menes
2) Thebes – capital of Egypt during the middle kingdom and most of the new kingdom

6. Complex Institutions: Pharaoh
Complex Institutions: Pharaoh? Egyptian god-kings, pharaohs were considered representatives of the gods   What is a theocracy? The pharaoh stood at the center of Egypt’s religions as well as its government and army. A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.  

7. Egyptians were polytheistic- Worship of many gods   Major Gods Ra – Sun god Horus – god of light, Osiris – god of the dead, weighed each dead persons heart  
Mr. Mummy video

8. How do we know that Egyptians believed in an afterlife
How do we know that Egyptians believed in an afterlife? They preserved the dead, by mummification – embalming and drying the corpse, to prevent decay.

9. Craftsmen Farmer/Slaves
What is social mobility? People could move up and down in social classes How were women treated in Egypt? Held the same rights as men, some pharaohs were women
Egyptian Society
Pharoah
Vizier
Nobes/Priests
Scribes/Soldiers
Craftsmen Farmer/Slaves

10. Writing- Hieroglyphics, pictograms
What is a pictogram? A picture stands for a word
What did they write hieroglyphics on? Stone and clay, then papyrus a paper made out a reed from the Nile
Why is the Rosetta Stone important? Egyptian hieroglyphics, simple Egyptian hieroglyphics, Ancient Greek able to translate hieroglyphics. Discovered 1799

11. Technological and Scientific Advancements 1) Developed a system of written numbers for counting, adding and subtracting 2) Used geometry to survey and reset property boundaries after the annual floods 3) Builders needed to make accurate calculations and measurements to construct their remarkable pyramids and palaces.  

13. More Technological and Scientific Advancements
4) Developed a calendar to keep track of time between floods and the planting seasons. 5) Made medical advances Measure heartrate by checking pulse Set splints for broken bones, treatment for wounds and fevers Used surgery to treat some conditions