1. Elements of Culture

2. All things that make up a people’s entire way of life

3. Confucius
“All people are the same; only their habits differ.”

4. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Culture
All things that make up a person’s way of life.
7 Elements =
Norm- Norms refer to the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop from our values

5. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Culture
All things that make up a person’s way of life.
7 Elements
Social Organization
Customs & Traditions
Language
Arts & Literature
Religion
Forms of Government
Economic System
Culture Video 2:00

6. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Create a mnemonic for the Elements of Culture
Mnemonics are memory devices that help learners recall larger pieces of information
7 Elements
Social Organization
Customs & Traditions
Language
Arts & Literature
Religion
Forms of Government
Economic System

7. 1. Social Organization
Definition: smaller units of a culture to create social structure and help people work together to meet basic needs

8. 1. Social Organization Family-basic way to pass on culture –
social controls: regulates individual or group behaviors
Nuclear: immediate family
typical for industrialized societies
Vary in size based on culture and traditions
Extended: several generations living in one household
Common agricultural/traditional societies
Economic unit

9. 1. Social Organization Social Class – Social Groups
Rank people by status
Ways: money, education, job, heritage
relative to culture and economy
Social Mobility: ability to move social class
Social Groups
Members have similar interests

10. Social Organization
The person who exercises authority, or power, in a family varies from one culture to another.
Most cultures are patriarchal, or cultures where the male holds power.
Women hold authority in matriarchal societies.
Marriage customs can also vary.
Commonly marriages are monogamous (monogamy), or where an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time.
Polygamy is where there are multiple spouses to one person.
Polygyny – One husband and multiple wives
Polyandry – One wife and multiple husbands
Some marriages can be arranged, or predetermined by the parents of the bride and groom.
Arranged marriages are often created for economic or political reasons.
Dowry and Bridewealth

11. 2. Customs and Traditions
Def: rules for behavior/how a society expects people to behave = social controls
Governs behavior
Ways to express ideas, emotions, and pass on information
Examples: ways you eat, sleep, greet, wear, obtain food, prepare food
Vary in importance
from daily behavior to right and wrong
(peer pressure or written law)

12. 3. Language
Def: ways to communicate/express thoughts, feelings, emotions, and knowledge
Basic way to pass on culture
Helps unify and strengthen culture
dialects is a form of a language that differs from place to place.
Different languages can be spoken within the same society.
All culture have language but not all develop forms of writing
Verbal/Non-Verbal/written
Digital Language

13. Language
What do you call the miniature lobster that one finds in lakes or streams?
How do you pronounce “crayon”?
Do you call coleslaw “slaw”?
What word(s) do you use to address a group of two or more people?
How do you pronounce the second vowel in “pajamas”?
How do you pronounce “pecan”?
What is your generic term for a sweetened carbonated beverage?
What do you call a traffic situation in which several roads meet in a circle and you have to get off at a certain point?
What do you call a long sandwich that contains cold cuts, lettuce, etc.?
What do you call the thing from which you might drink water in a school?
What is your “general” term for rubber-soled shoes worn in gym class for athletic activities?

25. Languages
Top languages spoken in the world today (by native speakers):
Mandarin (955 million)
Spanish (405 million)
English (360 million)
Hindi (310 million)
Arabic (295 million)
Portuguese (215 million)

26. 4. Arts and Literature
Def: ways to express ideas, information and emotions, teaches cultural values; teaches basic beliefs of a society
performing arts
Strengthens a cultures identity
Express cultural pride
Examples: music, visual arts (pictures), dance, stories

27. 5. Religion
Def: a person’s belief system that helps guide behavior and teaches basic values = social controls
Where do we come from? How to act? Where are we going?
Moral compass

28. Cosmology: The study and explanation of the universe

29. 1 3
Cyclical 2 2 1 3
Linear

30. Theology: A system of religious beliefs

31. 5. Religion Monotheism Polytheism
Worship one God
Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Polytheism
Worship of many Gods
Hinduism, Buddhism
Sect: religious group, division, “branch” or faction
Atheism: a belief in no gods

32. 6. Forms of Government
Def: a system for making decision for a society: provide for common needs - order, protection, education
people who hold power and make the laws

34. 6. Forms of Government Types of Government: Democracy Republic
People have supreme power
Republic
Representative democracy
Dictatorship
Ruler or group holds power by force
A government that officially calls itself a "democratic republic" is usually a dictatorship
Fascism

35. 6. Forms of Government Types of Government: Theocracy
Monarchy
power or sovereignty held by a single person for life – inherited position - Ruling family
Constitutional Monarchy
has a written Constitution and has a monarch as Head of State
Absolute monarchy
Theocracy
type of government led by religious leaders.
Autocratic/Authoritarian
ruling with absolute authority

36. Democracies
In a democracy, the people hold supreme power and the government acts by consent.

37. Republic
In a republic, the people elect representatives to serve them in the government.

38. Dictatorships
In a dictatorship, a ruler and/or group holds power by force usually relying on military support for power.

39. Theocracy
A theocracy is a type of government led by religious leaders.

40. Monarchy
In a monarchy, kings and queens rule. These monarchs will usually claim rule by divine right and are granted their position based on inherence.

41. Economic system Traditional Economy Market Economy Command Economy
Produce what they need to survive
Hunting and Gathering, Farming, and Herding
Surplus is traded
Market Economy
Buying and Selling
Command Economy
Government controlled
Individuals have little economic power
Mixed Economy
Individuals and Government make decisions
Cars are a great example: People pick & Government sets standards

42. 7. Economic Systems
Def: how a society obtains food, clothing, and shelter - Distribute goods and services
How people use limited resources to satisfy their wants and needs
Answers:
what to produce,
how to produce it,
and for whom.

43. 7. Economic Systems Examples of Economic Systems: Traditional economy
People produce what they need to survive
Hunting and gathering, farming, herding
Market economy
Free Market economy: people decided the basic economic questions based on supply and demand

44. 7. Economic Systems Examples of Economic Systems: Command economy
Government controls the economy and answers basic economic questions
Individual has little input
Mixed economy
Bits of all economies
Individual makes some economic decisions and the government makes others
Most countries mixed economies

45. Traditional Economies
In a traditional economy, people produce most of what they need by themselves.
Activities in a traditional economy include hunting, gathering, farming, herding cattle, and/or making their own clothes/tools.

46. Market Economies
In a market economy, people buy and sell goods and services.
people decided the basic economic questions based on supply and demand
Usually there is no government interference.

47. Command Economies
In a command economy, the government controls what/how goods are produced and what they cost.
Individuals in a command economy have little economic power.
Black markets frequently appear in command economies. These markets provide illegal goods or services which the government has banished (often at inflated prices.)

48. Mixed Economies
In a mixed economy, individuals make some economic decisions and the government makes others.
Government involvement in the marketplace often takes the form of regulations, rules or laws designed to govern conduct.

49. Economic Philosophies Regarding Markets
Socialism (L) and Capitalism (R)
Both are ideals, frequently not purely achieved.
Socialism is an economic system in which the society holds control over the means of production and the management of the economy.
Capitalism is an economic system in which trade, industry, and the means of production are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for profit.
Under capitalism, market forces determine the supply and demand of goods and services.

50. What determines cultural similarities and differences?
Technology
Availability of money
History
Relationship with nature
Geography and climate