1. Digestive system Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
Medical Terminology

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
Explain the functions of the digestive system.
Label a diagram of the digestive system.
Identify and use the roots pertaining to the digestive system.
Describe the major disorders of the digestive system.
Define medical terms used in reference to the digestive system.

3. Digestive system (GIT)
The gastrointestinal (GI) system has three functions:
Digestion, which is the process of breaking down food by chewing, swallowing, and mixing with digestive juices to convert some of the food into absorbable molecules.
Absorption, which is the passage of digested food molecules through the walls of the intestines and into the bloodstream to be carried to the cells of the body.
Excretion, which is the elimination of non-absorbable nutrients and waste products from the body.

5. Digestive system (GIT)

7. Combining forms Combining form Meaning Or/o – Stomat/o Mouth Palat/o
Palate
Lingu/o – Gloss/o
Tongue
Bucc/o
Cheek
Pharyng/o
Pharynx
Esophag/o
Esophagus

8. Combining form
Meaning
Gastr/o
Stomach
Duoden/o
Duodenum
Jejun/o
Jejunum
Ile/o
Ileum
Col/o – Colon/o
Colon
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
Rect/o
Rectum

9. Combining form
Meaning
An/o – Proct/o
Anus
Append/o – Appendic/o
Appendix
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Hepat/o
Liver
Cholecyst/o
Gall bladder

10. Medical terms related to the digestive system
Definition
Oral
Pertaining to the mouth
Stoma
Mouth
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
Palate
Roof of the mouth
Palatoplasty
Surgical repair of the roof of mouth
Salivary glands
They are exocrine glands which are located in the mouth

11. Medical term Definition We have 3 pairs of major salivary glands
Which are:
Pair of Parotid glands
Pair of Submandibular glands
Pair of Sublingual glands
Also we have 800 – 1000 minor salivary glands located in mouth
All salivary glands produce saliva

12. Medical term Definition Saliva Lingual Gingiva (Gums)
Watery substance secreted by salivary glands
Lingual
Pertaining to the tongue
Gingiva (Gums)
They are found in the mouth of the human beings
They are part of the tissue lining the mouth
They surround the teeth & provide a seal around them

13. Medical term Definition Gingivitis Extract Buccal
Inflammation of the gums
Extract
To pull out (A tooth for example)
Buccal
Usually pertaining to the inside of the cheek

14. Medical term Definition Dentistry Dentist Dentition
A branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention & treatment of diseases & conditions related to the oral cavity, especially the teeth
Dentist
A surgeon who specializes in dentistry
Dentition
Is the characteristic arrangement, kind & number of teeth in a given species at a given age

15. Medical term Definition Denture Known as (False teeth)
Is a removable replacement for missing teeth
Two types:
Complete dentures: Are used when all the teeth are missed
Partial dentures: Are used when some natural teeth remain

16. Medical term Definition Pharynx Pharyngeal Pharyngitis
Part of the throat that is behind the mouth & above the oesophagus
Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx

18. Medical term Definition Esophagus Gastric
Is an organ through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach
Gastric
Pertaining to the stomach

19. Medical term Definition Gastroenterology Gastroenterologist
Is a branch of medicine related to the study of the normal functions & diseases of the digestive system
Gastroenterologist
A physician which is specialized in the management of diseases of the digestive system
Gastroscopy
Visual examination of the upper part of GIT, including: oesophagus, stomach & the upper part of small intestine, by using a thin, flexible tube called: an endoscope

20. Medical term Definition Small intestine
Is a part of the GIT which is located after the stomach
Is divided into 3 major parts:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Most of the food we consume is digested & absorbed in it

21. Medical term Definition Duodenum Jejunum Gastro-jejunostomy
Is the first & shortest part of the small intestine, where most of the digestion takes place
Jejunum
Is the second part of the small intestine
It lies between duodenum & ileum
Gastro-jejunostomy
To make an opening between the stomach & jejunum

22. Medical term Definition Ileum Ileectomy Ileostomy Enteral Enteritis
The last part of the small intestine
Ileectomy
Surgical removal of the ileum or part of it
Ileostomy
To make an opening in the ileum to outside the body
Enteral
Pertaining to the intestine
Enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine

23. Medical term Definition Large intestine cecum
Is the last part of the GIT
It consists of the cecum, colon, rectum & anal canal
cecum
It is the beginning of the large intestine
It is the connection between the ileum & ascending colon of the large intestine

24. Medical term Definition Colon Colitis
Is the main part of the large intestine, running from the cecum to the rectum
It consists of:
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon

25. Medical term Definition Colonoscopy Rectum
Visual examination of the large intestine (Colon & rectum)
Rectum
It is a hollow muscular tube that connects the colon to the anus
It stores the fecal matter produced in the colon until the body is ready to eliminate the wastes though the process of defecation

26. Medical term Definition Anus Proctoscopy Appendix
Is an opening at the end of the large intestine from which feces are expelled
Proctoscopy
Visual examination of the anus
Appendix
Is a blind ended tube connected to the cecum

27. Medical term Definition Pancreas
Is a gland present in the digestive system
It is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach
Function:
Secretion of several hormones as: Insulin, Glucagon
Secretion of pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that are used in digestion

28. Medical term Definition Liver Hepatomegaly Hepatitis Gall bladder
Is a large organ that is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Gall bladder
Is a small organ which is located under the liver

29. Medical term Definition Chole-cystectomy Digest
Removal of the gall bladder
Digest
Breaking down the food in the GIT & converting it into elements which are absorbed in the body