1. History of ESL Teaching Methodologies
Harmer, J (2009) How to teach English Chpt 4 Describing learning and teaching. Pearson Education limited: Essex. Pp46-51

2. ESL Teaching Methodologies
1780
1950
1970
1980
1990
Grammar Translation
Audio Lingual
CLT / Silent Way / Community Language / PPP
TBL
Lexical Approach

3. 1780 - 1950 Grammar Translation Audio Lingual
U.S Army  drilling / conditioning
CLT – Communicative Language Teaching
Functions
Communication as an objective

4. CLT - subcategories Community Language Learning The Silent Way
Bilingual teachers
The Silent Way
TBL – Task-based Learning
PPP – Presentation, Practice, Production

5. 1990s
The Lexical Approach
Language chunks

6. TPR (Total Physical Response) The Direct Method
Harmer, J. (2007) The Practice of English Language Teaching (4th Edition) Chapter 4
TPR (Total Physical Response)
The Direct Method

7. PPP