1. Mali, M.S1.; B.P. Khokhariya1; Y.B. Dabgar2
Biotic interrelationship of plants and butterflies in surrounding of Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Mali, M.S1.; B.P. Khokhariya1; Y.B. Dabgar2
JRF, GEER Foundation, Gandhinagar.
Principal, R.R. Mehta Science & C. L. Parikh Commerce college, Palanpur.

2. Plants – Pollination and Seed Dispersal Butterfly – Food Resource

3. Totally Herbivorous – Primary consumers
Butterflies
Butterflies are one of the most beautiful creatures on the earth
They are the insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera
Butterflies feed on nectar collected from flowers
They are having esthetic value, ecosystem, health, economic,
scientific value
As pollinators, they play vital role in completion of life cycle of plant species
They are environmental quality indicators, sensitive to pollution in many forms in our surroundings
Totally Herbivorous – Primary consumers

4. Plants Plants are essential to all stage of butterflies life cycle.
The primary producer for ecosystem.
The superlative food provider for other primary consumer species.

5. Objectives of the study
To study diversity of Butterfly
To find out the food resource & hosting plants of Butterflies

6. The city is a capital of Gujarat state
Study area
Gandhinagar
The city is a capital of Gujarat state

8. Methodology
Butterflies occurrence and frequency visited the place e.g. Park, Garden, etc.
The visit taken during monsoon, winter and Summer since Jun, 2008 to Oct
All plant enumerated visited by butterflies used for food and host plants.
Plant was identified through local flora and secondary.
Taken still photographs of butterfly through digital camera
Identify by using standard identification manual for butterfly and Secondary Literature.
Butterfly attracting flower grouped size, color, presence of nectar, presence of latex, presence of hair on leaves.

9. Results and Discussion
Butterflies diversity:
43 - Butterfly species
5 - family
14 - subfamily
12 species first time recorded in this area

10. Lepidoptera 43 Pieriidae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae 8 18 9 Hesperidae5
Pepilionidae 3
All species occurrence in moist and warm condition during monsoon season

11. Nymphalidae Large and most divers of robtuse bodies butterflies
11- Nymphalidae; 3- Danainae; 2 - Satrinae; 1- acrainae; 1- charaxinae
They are distributed in all places and frequently visible
they are preference to flowers after the overripe fruits, tree sap and even animal and urine
It avoids shad and dense vegetation but frequents opening in all vegetation
Common Indian Crow
Euploea core Cramer

12. Hypolimnas bolina Linn. Un Common Danaid Eggfly Female
Nymphalidae
Common Name
Sub Family
Zoological Name
Status in Study area
Great Eggfly Male
Nymphalinae
Hypolimnas bolina Linn.
Un Common
Danaid Eggfly Female
Hypolimnas misippus Linn.
Common
Yellow pansy
Junonia hierta Fabricius.
Chocolate pansy
Junonia lemonias Linn.
Lemon pansy
Precis iphita Cramer.
Common Sailor
Neptis hylas Bryk.
Angled Castor
Ariadne ariadne Okano.
Common Castor
Ariadne merione Okano.
Painted Lady
Cynthis cardui Linn.
Rare
Common Baron
Euthalia aconthea Carm.
Common Leopard
Phylanta phalantha
Common Evening Brown
Satyrine
Melanites leda Drury.
Common Five Ring
Ypthima baldus Fabricius
Black Rajah
Charaxinae
Charaxes solon Fabricius
Tawny Coster
Acraeinae
Acraea violae Fabricius
Plain Tiger
Danainae
Danaus chrysippus Linn.
Stripted Tiger
Danaus genutia Cramer.
Common Crow
Euploea core Cramer.

13. Danaid Eggfly Female Hypolimnas misippus Linn.
Blue pansy
Junonia orithya Linn.

14. Angled Castor
Ariadne ariadne Okano.
Plain Tiger
Danaus chrysippus Linn.

15. Pieridae 3 – Coliadinae; 5 - Pierinae.
These are white, yellow or orange butterflies, often with black marking.
They are sun- worshippers .
They fly close to the ground at the level of herbs and shrubs
All are frequently occurred in the study area.
Mottled Emigrant
Catopsilia pyranthe Fabricius.

16. Species of Pieriidae family 8 species occurring in the study area
Common Name
Sub Family
Zoological Name
Status in Study area
Common Emirgrant
Coliadinae
Catopsilia pomona Nomura.
Common
Mottled Emigrant
Catopsilia pyranthe Fabricius.
Common Grass Yellow
Eurema hecabe Linn.
Pioneer
Pierinae
Anaphaeis aurota Fabricius.
Small Orange Tip
Colotis etrida
Common Jezebel
Delias eucharis Drury
White Orange Tip
Ixias marianne Cramer.
Common Wander
Peroronia valeria
8 species occurring in the study area

17. Lycanidae 1 – Curetinae; 1 – Theclinae & 7 – Polymmatinae
They are common in open deciduous forest, scrub and grasslands near the human habitations.
They feed on variety of food resources such as acanthaceae and tree sap of capparaceae.
All family members are abundance and more adaptive in semi arid region.
Common Pierrot
Castalius rosimon Fabricius.

18. Bytinski - Salz. & Brandt.
Grass Jewl
Chilades trochylus
Bytinski - Salz. & Brandt.
Lycaenidae
Common Name
Sub Family
Zoological Name
Status in Study area
Indian Sunbeam
Curetinae
Curetis thetis Drury
Common
Common Silverline
Theclinae
Spindasis vulcanus Fabricius.
Common Pierrot
Polymmatinae
Castalius rosimon Fabricius.
Un Common
Plains Cupid
Chilades pandava Hsu.
Grass Jewl
Chilades trochylus Bytinski - Salz. & Brandt.
Indian Cupid
Everes lacturnus Couchman.
Pea Blue
Lampides boeticus Linn.
Pale Grass Blue
Psuedozizeeria maha
Lasser Grass Blue
Zizina otis Fabricius.

19. 5 species occurring in the study area
Hesperiidae
2 – Hesperiinae; 2 – Pierinae; 1- Coliadinae
They are largely non- migratory.
Adults feed on a variety of resources like flower nectar, wet soil, bird drooping, etc.
Hesperiidae
Common Name
Sub Family
Zoological Name
Status in Study area
Rice Swift
Hesperiinae
Borbo cinnara Wallace.
Common
Common Red Eye
Matapa aria Moor.
Brown Awl
Coeliadinae
Badamia exclamationis Fabricius.
Common Small Flat
Pyrginae
Sarangesa dasahara Moor.
Spotted Small Flat
Sarangesa purendra Moor.
5 species occurring in the study area

20. Papilionidae - Swallowtail
Swallowtail distributed throughout Gujarat except
Lime butterfly and Common Mormon these are most common swallowtail occurred near human habitation or human dwelling.
Common rose, lime butterfly and Common Mormon
They prefer to host or feeder plants mostly
Indian Birthwort - Aristolochia bracheolata Lam.
Beal - Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.
Kadipataa - Murraya koenigii (L.) Spereng
3 species occurring in the study area

21. Pachliopta aristolocvhae Reaking.
Papilionidae
Common Name
Sub Family
Zoological Name
Status in Study area
Common Rose
Papilioninae
Pachliopta aristolocvhae Reaking.
Common
Lime Butterfly
Papilo deloleus Linn.
Common Mormon
Papilo polytes Linn.
Common Rose
Pachliopta ristolocvhae Reaking.
Common Mormon
Papilo polytes Linn.

22. Plant diversity using by butterfly
Plants – Genus – 98
Family – 45
Dicotyledons – 99
Monocotyledons – 11
Study shows that total 110 plants for fulfilling the necessity (feeding and hosting) of Butterflies

23. Butterflies proclivity on relevant shape and size of flower
Common plant
Length and timing of flower
Nactaries close to the surface or easily accessible
Lyeaenids and Pierids short proboscis – Small flower, flat and bowl
Papilionids has long proboscis – Large and tubular flower

24. Flower colour preference of Butterflies
Butterflies species – Specific colour preference
Colour preferences can change with age of butterflies
Most butterflies have innate colour preference and show high fidelity to colour variation

25. Plant selection for Larval and caterpillar
Flight area – Oviposition & Breeding area
Feeding efficiency
24 plant species provide hosting and feeding for the periods of larval and Caterpillar stage of Butterflies

26. Nectar Plants
Butterflies are nectar feeders some specific plant species.
They also preference to flowers with particular nectar concentration
45 plant species having nectar for adult butterflies
Sap
The sap provides pyrrolized alkaloids
Production of male phermones
56 plant species having latex – 50 plant species having water latex
– 6 plant species having milky latex

27. References Butterfly : - Plant :-
Gay, T., & Punetha, I. K. (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Mumbai: WWF, Oxfors University Press.
Goodden, R. (1973). All color book of Butterflies. London: Octopus Books.
Kehimkar, I. (2008). The Book Indian Butterflies. Mumbai: Bombay Natural Society and Oxford University Press.
Parasharya, B. M. (2007). Butterflies of Gujarat. Anand: Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.
Plant :-
Saxton, W. L. (1918). Plants of Northern Gujarat. Ibid., 6(7):
Shah, G. (1978). Flora of Gujarat. Vallabh Vidyanagar: S. P. University, V.V. Nagar.
Singh, H. (2005). Trees of Gujarat. Gandhinagar: Forest Department of Gujarat.
Gadani, M., & G.J. Jani and Vora, A. B. (2006). A documentation of Plants of Indroda Nature Park. Ahmedabad: Gujarat University, Ahmedabad.
Cook, T. (1958). The flora of the presidency of Bombay. Calcutta.

28. Acknowledgements I express my profound sense of gratitude to
Dr. C. N. Pandey Add. PCCF, Gujarat Forest Department, Gandhinagar for encouraging and showing pathway for the pertaining study
I sincerely acknowledged Mr. Irsad Theba for his constant help during the work including Field Survey and Identification of Butterfly.

29. Thank You…..