1. Historical Development of Engineering Management
Lecturer : Yılmaz Bayar
Reference : Managing Engineering and Technology,
Daniel L. Babcock and Lucy C. Morse,
Prentice Hall, 2002.

2. Plan of the Presentation
Origins of Engineering Management
Impact of Industrial Revolution
Development of Scientific Management
Development of Administrative Management
Development of Behavioral Management
Current Contributions 2 2

3. Origins of Engineering Mgmt – Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamians
~ B.C.
Used canals for irrigation
Had management system and job descriptions
Hammurabi Law ( B.C.) 3 3

4. Origins of Engineering Mgmt – Ancient Civilizations
Egyptians
4000 – 1600 B.C.
Built pyramids (2.3 M stone blocks,
2500 tons)
100,000 men x 20~30 years
Used managerial principles 4 4

5. Origins of Engineering Mgmt – Ancient Military
Cyrus the Great (Persia) B.C.
Use of staff
Recognized use of order and division of work
Alexander the Great (Greek) B.C.
Distinction between line and staff
Used discipline and delegation 5 5

6. Origins of Engineering Mgmt – Ancient Mass Production
Arsenal of Venice (Early 1400s)
Manufacturing
Numbering of inventory parts
Personnel policies
Standardization of parts
Assembly line 6 6

7. Industrial Revolution 1750-1800: Important Inventions
Spinning Jenny, James Hargreaves, 1764
Water Frame, Richard Arkwright, 1771
Spinning Mule, Samuel Crompton, 1779
Power Loom, Edmund Cartwright, 1785
Chlorine Bleach, Claude Louis Berthollet, 1785
Steam Engine, James Watt, 1769
Screw-cutting Lathe, Henry Maudslay, 1797
Interchangeable Manufacture, Eli Whitney, 1798 7 7

8. Industrial Revolution: Problems of the Factory System
Recruiting/Training Workers
Explosive Growth in Mill Towns
Supervisors, No Background
Upper Management, Sons or Relatives 8 8

9. Industrial Revolution: Development of Eng. Education
Apprenticeship, 18th century
First Eng. School: 1747 in France  Ecole des Ponts at Chaussees (School of Bridges and Roads)
US Military Academy at West Point, 1802
Civil Eng. Program at West Point, 1817 9 9

10. Industrial Revolution: Development of Eng. Education
First Eng. School: Norwich (Connecticut) Univ. (1819)
Rensselear Polytechnic Institute (1823), Union College (1845), Harvard, Yale, Michigan (1847)
Morrill Land Grant Act, 1862 10 10

11. Three (3) Philosophies of Management
Scientific Management
Administrative Management
Behavioral Management 11 11

12. Scientific Management
Charles Babbage, Grandfather of Scientific Management. ( )
Invented 1st mechanical calculator “difference engine”
Method of observing manufactures (1832) 12 12

13. Scientific Management
Henry Towne: Management Div. (1886)
Frederic W. Taylor: Father of Scientific Management. ( )
Time and Motion Studies
Believed in selecting, training, teaching, and developing workers 13 13

14. Scientific Management
Frank B. Gilbreth: ( )
Best way of laying bricks
Devised a system for classifying hand motions into 17 basic divisions
Lillian Moller Gilbreth: ( )
Psychology of Management (Human Factors)
First Lady of Management
Henry L. Gantt: Gantt Charts 14 14

15. Scientific Management
Replaced old rule of thumb,
Believed in selecting, training, teaching and developing workers,
Time Study,
Standards planning. 15 15

16. Criticism of Scientific Management
Productivity, not quality
Separating Planning and execution 16 16

17. Administrative Management
Henri Fayol, Engineer ( ):
Developed 14 “general principles of administration”
Divided management activities into five divisions (Planning, Organizing, Command, Coordination, Control)
Russel Robb: Pioneer of Organizational
Theory
Lyndall Urwick: Developed a Unified Body
of Knowledge 17 17

18. Administrative Management
Max Weber ( ): Major influence in
classical organizational theory
Division of labor
Hierarchy of authority
Employment based on expertise
Decisions & rules in writing
Separation of management & ownership 18 18

19. Behavioral Management
Hawthorne Studies
Original intent was find the level of illumination that made the work of female coil winders, relay assemblers, and small parts inspectors more efficient.
Conclusion - persons singled out for special attention perform as expected 19 19

20. Behavioral Management
Maslow: Hierarchical theory of human needs
Biological / Physiological Needs
Security / Safety Needs
Social Needs
Ego Needs
Self-actualization Fulfillment 20 20

21. Contemporary Management: Issues and Challenges
Quality Management:
Meeting customers’ requirements
Commitment by senior management and all employees
Continuous improvement
Planning quality into products and processes 21 21

22. Contemporary Management: Issues and Challenges
Quality Management:
Teams
Employee involvement and empowerment
Recognition
Benchmarking
Certification (ISO)
Six sigma 22 22

23. Contemporary Management: Issues and Challenges
Information Technology
Computers and Microprocessors
Internet
Engineering Functions: Design, Manufacturing
Business Practice: Supply Chain,
e-Business 23 23

24. Contemporary Management: Issues and Challenges
Project Management
Complex systems
Dynamic
Globalization 24 24