1. Follow-Up 1. Look over your notes pg 3-4
Circle Key Terms
Highlight Main Ideas
2. Make sure that you have answered Analysis Questions on pg. 5

2. America Moving Towards War

3. Edging Towards War Europe 1939 WWII began - Germany invaded Poland
The US
Congress passed the Neutrality Acts
They were designed to keep America out of war.
On your paper, brainstorm why you think that the US wanted to remain neutral?

4. Neutrality Laws
Read “Neutrality Laws” and answer the three questions in your workbook

5. Neutrality Act of 1935
What were the key provisions of the Neutrality Act of 1935? Why do you think they were included?
No weapons sold or shipped to nations at war
Travel on ships of warring nations is done at your own risk

6. Neutrality Act of 1936
What provisions were added by the Neutrality Act of 1936? Why do you think these were included?
No financing or credit to nations at war

7. Neutrality Act of 1937
What provisions were added by the Neutrality Act of 1936? Why do you think these were included?
US citizens forbidden to go on vessels of nations at war
Cash and Carry: can sell non-war supplies and materials
Must have immediate payment and the other country transports

8. Discussion What were the goals of the Neutrality Acts?
How were these goals to be accomplished?
What links do you see between WWI and these laws?

9. FDR and WWII
Read “FDR and WWII” and answer the six questions in your workbook

10. FDR and WWII
When President Roosevelt sent military aide to China, do you think he broke the law (Neutrality Acts)? Why or why not?
Letter of the law vs. spirit of the law
Letter of the law wasn’t broken – neither Japan or China were belligerent nations so he could send aid
Spirit of the law may have been broken – these nations may not have been at war, but Japan definitely aligned with the Axis powers

11. FDR and WWII
How is the Neutrality Act of 1939 different than the Neutrality Act of 1937?
Cash and Carry: extended to include weapons
Added to help Britain and France defeat Hitler

12. FDR and WWII
Why do you think President Roosevelt had to include the “cash and carry” provision of the Neutrality Act of 1939?
He didn’t want to push away the Isolationists – technically it kept the US out of the war (and the war zones) yet it allowed us to help the nations that we were more closely aligned to`

13. FDR and WWII
With the “Destroyers for Bases” deal, do you think President Roosevelt broke the law (Neutrality Acts)? Why or why not?
FDR gave Britain 50 WWI battle ships in exchange for 8 defense bases

14. FDR and WWII
Explain the Lend-Lease Act. Do you agree, or disagree with President Roosevelt’s analogy? Why?
The Lend-Lease Act (March 1941): enabled the US to send food, oil, weapons, warships, warplanes to the Allies, in exchange the US was given leases for Allied military bases during the war
Roosevelt, eager to ensure public consent for this controversial plan, explained to the public and the press that his plan was comparable to one neighbor's lending another a garden hose to put out a fire in his home. "What do I do in such a crisis?" the president asked at a press conference. "I don't say... 'Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it' …I don't want $15 — I want my garden hose back after the fire is over."[25] To which Senator Robert Taft (R-Ohio), responded: "Lending war equipment is a good deal like lending chewing gum. You don't want it back." In practice, very little was returned except for a few ships.
Joseph Stalin, during the Tehran Conference in 1943, acknowledged publicly the importance of American efforts during a dinner at the conference: "Without American production the United Nations [the Allies] could never have won the war."[26][27]

15. FDR and WWII
America declared war on December 8, What is odd about the draft? What conclusion can you draw from this?
The Draft – first peacetime draft (September 1940)
Draft happened more than a year before war was declared

16. Americans Debate Involvement
Isolationists – a majority of Americans opposed war
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 36, 37
Restrictions of Americans during times of war
Selling munitions and arms, sailing on ships owned by nations at war
Interventionists:
FDR wanted to intervene
Neutrality Act of 1939
Cash and Carry: allowed nations at war to buy goods from the U.S. if they paid cash and carried on their own ships

17. Analysis
Do you think President Roosevelt was an Internationalist or an Isolationist? What evidence supports your opinion? 
Considering Nazi and Japanese expansion in the 1930s would you have been Isolationist or Internationalists? Why? 

18. FDR Moves Towards Involvement
Reports from London convinced many Americans that the U.S. should at least prepare (Battle of Britain, Summer & Fall 1940)
The Draft – first peacetime draft (September 1940)
Destroyers for Bases (September 1940): FDR gave Britain 50 WWI battle ships in exchange for 8 defense bases
Tripartite Pact (September 27, 1940)
Germany, Italy, Japan became allies
The Lend-Lease Act (March 1941): enabled the US to send food, oil, weapons, warships, warplanes to the Allies, in exchange the US was given leases for Allied military bases during the war
Roosevelt, eager to ensure public consent for this controversial plan, explained to the public and the press that his plan was comparable to one neighbor's lending another a garden hose to put out a fire in his home. "What do I do in such a crisis?" the president asked at a press conference. "I don't say... 'Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it' …I don't want $15 — I want my garden hose back after the fire is over."[25] To which Senator Robert Taft (R-Ohio), responded: "Lending war equipment is a good deal like lending chewing gum. You don't want it back." In practice, very little was returned except for a few ships.
Joseph Stalin, during the Tehran Conference in 1943, acknowledged publicly the importance of American efforts during a dinner at the conference: "Without American production the United Nations [the Allies] could never have won the war."[26][27]

20. Moving the US towards war
In June 1941 Hitler launched a massive invasion of the USSR
Even though the USSR was communist both England and the US promised to help
In order to better aid England, FDR stopped sending fuel, iron, and oil to Japan

21. Pearl Harbor – Details
On Sunday December 7, Japan launched a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor.
Japan sank or damaged 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 4 destroyers, and 6 other vessels.
Japan destroyed 188 airplanes and killed 2,403 Americans.
December 8, the U.S. declared war on Japan.
FDR’s “a day that will live in infamy”
Four days later Germany and Italy declared war on America.

22. Pearl Harbor – Videos WWII Veteran Jim Downing remembers Pearl Harbor
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History Channel – USS Arizona Under Attack at Pearl Harbor
s/world-war-ii/world-war-ii- history/videos/uss-arizona- under-attack-at-pearl-harbor
Hollywood Version – Pearl Harbor
atch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY
FDR asks Congress for Declaration of War
s/world-war-ii/world-war-ii- history/videos/attack-pearl- harbor