1. Middle east conflicts 1. November 2, 1917: Balfour Declaration Issued
Cause(s) Issued by Great Britain – Made promises to both Arab-Palestinians and Jews
Effect(s) Unable to live together; Increased conflict; UN effort failed

3. 2. May 14, 1948: Creation of an independent Israel
 Cause(s) Announcement of Jewish country by longtime leader – David Ben Gurion; Holocaust
Effect(s) Six Arab countries attacked Israel (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria & Saudi Arabia)

4. David Ben Gurion

5. : Six Day War 
Cause(s) Israeli’s surprise attack on Egypt, Iraq, Jordan & Syria
Effect(s) Israel got the Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, West Bank & Gaza Strip; 800 Israelis died, 15,000 Arabs died

6. from
Syria
from Jordan
from Egypt
from Egypt

7. : Yom Kippur War
Cause(s) Arab surprise attack on Israel; holy day in Jewish faith
Effect(s) Short term win for the Arabs; truce agreed to after months of fighting ; OPEC

8. : Camp David Accords
Cause(s) Offer of Peace between Egypt & Israel’ 1st Arab recognition of Israel
Effect(s) Peace; Return of Sinai Peninsula; Assassination of Anwar Sadat by his own people

9. Anwar Sadat with President Carter and Israeli leader

10. : Intifada  
Cause(s) “uprising”; result of long term oppression of Palestinians; civil disobedience
Effect(s) violence increased; affected world opinion; put pressure on Israel to make peace

11. 7. January 1979: Revolution in Iran  
Cause(s)  Policies of the Shah changed too much, too fast, too much modernization; led to the return of Ayatollah Khomeini
Effect(s) American hostages taken for 444 days; Iran now under Islamic law

13. 8. 1980: Iran–Iraq War; 1990 – Persian Gulf War
Cause(s) Religious differences (Sunni – Iraq, Shiites – Iran); oil & territory
Effect(s) Use of chemical weapons; US sold weapons to Iran; led to 1st war in Iraq

14. 9. 1993: Declaration of Principles (Agreement with Israel & Palestinians)
Cause(s) Israel agreed to grant Palestinians self-rule in Gaza Strip and West Bank
Effect(s) Israeli leader – Rabin was assassinated by his own people

15. Rabin with President Clinton and Arafat

16. 10. 2000-2001 Afghanistan & Taliban
Cause(s) Soviet occupation led to Taliban rule; harsh policies and many human rights violations
Effect(s) Removed from power by the US after connections to Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden were reveled

17. 11. 2001: Election of Ariel Sharon
Cause(s) Palestinian leader – Arafat rejected new peace proposals for sharing of land
Effect(s) Increased violence on both sides; wall being constructed by Israel around Palestinian settlements in the West Bank

19. Peace Plan
Cause(s) Arafat died; New Palestinian leader – Mahmoud Abbas elected and a new peace plan was accepted by both sides
Effect(s) Slow progress – Gaza Strip under Palestinian control; violence has decreased but not ended; wall construction continues by Israeli leader – Benjamin Netanyahu

20. Benjamin Netanyahu
Mahmoud Abbas