1. Automatic Transmission Fluids AT

2. Automatic Transmission Fluids Agenda
Function and Formulation of ATF
AT Market Drivers
AT Designs
North American OEM Updates
Summary
ATTemp-009

3. Mechanics Automatic Transmission Technology
or torque converter
Driveline image courtesy of AT

4. Mechanics Automatic Transmission Technology
Automatic Transmission Components and How they Work
Torque Converter
Hydraulic System
Reproduced by kind permission of ZF Friedrichshafen AG AT

5. Function of ATF ATF Performance -ANTI-SHUDDER -OXIDATIVE STABILITY
-COMPONENT COMPATIBILITY AT

6. Formulation of an ATF Higher severity No Group I base oils allowed!
Group II, II+ and III base oils
Predominately Group II+ & III
Base Fluid
Shear stability VM
Next generation performance
Shudder resistant
Performance
Additive AT

7. Formulation of an ATF Typical Automatic Transmission Fluid
Component
% Volume
Trend
Additive package
Friction modifiers
Oxidation inhibitors
Detergents/dispersants
Corrosion inhibitors
Anti-wear
Seal swell agents
Anti-foam
10-12 %
Friction Durability/ Shudder Resistance
Sludge Resistance
Oxidation Resistance/Friction
Shudder Resistance
Decreased Gear Wear
Better Seal Compatibility
Viscosity modifier
3 – 8 %
Very Shear Stable
Base oil
80 – 90%
Group II & III base oils; Better Low Temp
Red dye
250 PPM
Red Dye AT

8. Formulation of an ATF Lubrizol Friction Modifier Systems
Type
Low Static Friction
(Traditional)
High Static Friction
(LZ Generation III)
Properties:
Low static μ
Higher surface saturation
More thermally stable
Advantages:
Controls green friction
Friction durability
Excellent anti-shudder
Excellent torque capacity
Simplistic Structure:
Two-tail structure saturates surface; leads to higher static friction AT

9. Formulation of an ATF Dialing in the Correct Friction Performance
High Static
Durability
High Static
Friction
FM 4
FM 5
Medium Static
Friction & Stability
Anti-shudder Durability
HIGH µ
FM 6
FM 2
Detergent
Low Static
Durability
FM 3
LOW µ
Friction
Stability
FM 1
Low Static & Torque
Converter Shudder
FM 1A
Running in &
Shift Quality
Mixtures of high μ and low μ are customized for a variety of friction materials. AT

10. ATF Market Trends AT

11. Market Trends of ATF Market Drivers
Fuel economy
Transmission requirements becoming more demanding
Increased driver comfort & reliability
Reduced maintenance costs
Fill for life fluids AT

12. Market Trends of ATF CAFE Cost to OEM
Heightened pressure to increase light-duty CAFE
CAFE is sales –weighted average fuel economy rating
27.5 mpg for passenger car *
22.2 mpg for light duty trucks *
Each 0.1 mpg over CAFE limit carries $5.50 fine per vehicle
1.0 mpg…..$55 per vehicle * * AT

13. Market Trends of ATF Fuel Economy Contribution of AT
Design a more efficient transmission
Lighter
More aggressive lock-up (ECCC)
Utilize a lower viscosity fluid
Operates at its most efficient gear ratios
6 & 7 Speed transmission
CVT or IVT
AMT
DCT AT

14. Market Trends of ATF Low Viscosity Fluids
Typical ATF
7.0 – ° C
Low viscosity ATF
5.5 – ° C
Theoretical Gain = 0.1 mpg
Small change for driver, but significant for CAFE AT

15. Automatic Transmission Fluids Two Main Product Types
Standard Viscosity (>6.8 cSt)
Chrysler ATF+4
Ford Mercon V
Toyota T-IV
Honda Z-1
Nissan Matic-J
Low Viscosity (5.5 – 6.5 cSt)
MB NAG-2
Ford Mercon SP
Ford LV
GM Dexron-VI
Toyota WS
ATTemp-017

16. Market Trends of ATF Automatic Transmission Designs are Changing Market Driver – Reduced Emissions and Improved Fuel Economy
Present Conventional or Stepped Transmission (AT)
Mid 1990’s
Belt Drive Continuously Variable Transmission
(CVT)
2002
6-Speed Conventional Automatic Transmission (AT)
2004
Dual Clutch Transmission
(DCT)
Conventional Stepped Automatics
Lock-up AT
More available speeds (6 & 7 Speed)
Continuously Variable Transmissions
Automated Manuals
Dual Clutch AT

17. Market Trends of ATF Transmission Designs Efficiencies
Improving Fuel Economy
AI-May 2002
AEI-May 2002 AT

18. North America Japan and Korea
Driveline Hardware, Fluid and Market Driver Overview
Overview of Driveline Components
Estimated Global Market Share (%) for Transmission Types
Transmission Type
2005
2010
2015
Geographic Region MT 50 47 43
Europe, China, India AT 46 41 37
North America Japan and Korea
CVT
< 1 6 7
Asia Pacific
DCT
<1 4 10
Europe
AMT 2 3 AT

19. Formulation of an ATF Unique Automatic Transmission Fluid
Component
ATF
CVT (versus ATF)
DCT (versus ATF)
Friction modifiers
Anti-wear
Oxidation inhibitors
Detergent/dispersants
Corrosion inhibitors
Seal swell agents
Anti-foam
Paper on steel
Steel-on-steel (Paper on steel)
EP/AW similar to MTF
Similar to ATF
Need improved anti-foam
Paper on steel but very strong anti-shudder performance for wet start clutch
EP/AW similar to MTF (synchronizers, more bearings than ATF)
Viscosity modifier
Very high shear stability
More shear stable than ATF
Red dye
Not included in CVTF
Not usually included in DCTF AT

20. ATF Specification Update
SF and OEM FF
ATTemp-027

21. Automatic Transmission Fluids Specification Timeline
2004
Upgraded MERCON & MERCON-V
Released MERCON-SP
1992
Revised MERCON
Ford
2005
MERCON-C
1987
MERCON
1995
MERCON-V
Type A/B
Type F/G
2007
MERCON LV
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1990
DEXRON-IIE
1997
DEXRON
-IIIG
2005
DEXRON-VI
1967
DEXRON
1957
TASA
1973
DEXRON-IID
1993
DEXRON-IIIF
2003
DEXRON-IIIH
General Motors
1995
DEXRON-IV
(never formally released)
ATTemp-028

22. General Motors ATF Specifications
Factory Fill (FF) since 2006
DEXRON VI
Low viscosity fluid (6.0 cSt)
Improved low temp performance, shear, and friction stability
Service Fill (SF)
DEXRON VI
Obsolete SF Specs
Dex II (sold in Europe and Latin America)
Dex IIIG (Dec 2006)
Dex IIIH (Dec 2007) AT

23. Ford Motor ATF Specifications
Service Fill (SF)
MERCON LV (FWD)
MERCON V
Each additive supplier allowed single DI
Lubrizol 9680 series
MERCON SP
RWD 5 and 6 speed
Obsolete SF Specs
MERCON (July 1, 2007)
Factory Fill (FF) since 2007
MERCON LV
Low viscosity fluid (6.0 cSt)
Improved low temp performance, shear and friction stability AT

24. Chrysler ATF Specifications
Factory Fill (FF) since 2003
ATF+4
Service Fill (SF)
MOPAR ATF+4
Lubrizol 3300A
All major oil marketers
Certification through program testing
Obsolete SF specs
ATF+3 (2006) AT

25. Asia-Pacific OEM Highlights
Toyota
ATF: T-IV (4/5 speed ATs, 7 cSt)
WS (6 speed ATs, 5.5 cSt)
CVTF: TC
Honda
ATF: Z-1 (7 cSt)
CVTF: HMMF
Nissan
ATF: Matic J (7 cSt)
CVTF: NS-2
DCTF: new
Hyundai
ATF: SP-III (7 cSt)
CVTF: coming
Mistubishi
CVTF: SP-III AT

26. European OEM Highlights
Volkswagen-Audi Group (VAG)
ATF: LT71141 (5-speed ZF, 7 cSt)
(6-speed ZF, 6.5 cSt)
DCTF: Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG)
DaimlerBenz
ATF: NAG-2 V-sport (6.5 cSt)
BMW
ATF: (6-speed ZF, 6.5 cSt)
DCTF: Getrag transmission AT

27. Lubrizol SF ATFs Dex IID Dex III Mercon Old Merc V Ccurrent Merc V
ZF/Voith /MAN
JASO
Zone 1
9636G 
9678
9680
9684
Zone 2
7907
9679
Zone 4
1067 AT

28. Market Trends of ATF Summary of Global ATF Trends
Improved fuel economy and reduced emissions are driving transmissions trends toward higher efficiency transmission options
Asia Pacific region: CVT
Europe: AMT/DCT
North America: 6-Speed AT
The most recent transmission requirements suggest that specialized fluids will be required in the future
Lower viscosity, higher shear stability, and improved anti-wear performance
Better low temperature properties
Increased oxidation performance
Extended anti-shudder durability AT

29. Market Trends of ATF Summary of Global ATF Trends
Transmission applications are changing with consumer demand
Expect the proliferation of ATFs to continue well into the future as fluids are tailored to the specific transmission design to enable maximum gains in system performance
Many OEM’s moving toward “genuine fluid” approach
Oil marketers looking for simplified product lines to meet a range of AT applications. Lubrizol will provide our customers with a range of products to meet their increasingly rigorous requirements. AT