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The American revolution

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1 The American revolution
Chapter 6: Section 4

2 Setting the Stage Voltaire sees England as the most progressive country Glorious Revolution gave England const. monarchy King was subjected to the rule of law English Bill of Rights However by 1770s the colonists will see England as tyrannical and will begin their revolution. WHY? What happened

3 Britain & the Colonies By 1770 there were about 2.2 million colonists
Economically they were thriving New sense of identity was growing Each colony had its own gov & people were used to independence Colonists increasingly saw themselves as Virginians or New Yorkers rather than as British But they were expected to obey British laws some of which were seen as oppressive

4 Navigation Acts Passed in 1651 which severely restricted the colonies
Prevented them from selling their most valuable products to any country other than Britain All exports had to be on British ships w/Brit crews Colonies had to pay tariffs on imports Nonetheless Brit policies benefitted colonies & Brit Brit bought r/m at low prices & colonies bought manufactured goods from Brit

5 French-Indian War Fought between Fr and Brit for control of No. America Brits emerge victorious & seize Fr territory But victory leads to conflict between Brits & colonists Brits issue Proclamation of 1763 which forbids settlement west of Appalachian Mtns Brits had run up huge debt & bc colonists benefitted from the war Brits expected colonists to help defray costs of the war Result is the Stamp Act (direct tax) on deeds, wills, newspapers & other printed material Colonists were outraged

6 Taxation without Rep Colonists argued that it violated their natural rights & accused the gov of taxation w/o rep. In Brit, citizens consented to taxes through their reps in Parliament Colonists had no reps in Parliament Thus they had no right to be taxes Colonists boycotted Brit good & tax was repealed but the Brits did the same thing again with Townshend Act.

7 Hostilities Increase In 1773 protest over Tea Act leads to Boston Tea P. This infuriated King George III who orders the Boston Harbor closed Intolerable Acts are passed in Brit Colonists respond by organizing the First Continental Congress to coordinate response to Brit King ignored their complaints so Second Continental Congress was formed and agreed to establish the Continental Army under George Washington

8 Influence of the Enlightenment
Colonial leaders used Enlightenment ideas to justify independence For ex: asked for same political rights as people in Brit & when King refused colonists felt justified in rebelling against a tyrant who broke the social contract. Jefferson writes Declaration of Indepence which reflects the ideas of John Locke “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal & are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness.

9 Since Locke had asserted that epople had a right to rebel against an unjust ruler, Jefferson goes on to include a long list of abuses (usurpations) of the King and Parliament Declaration ends by declaring independence from Britain

10 Americans Create Republic
13 states created Articles of Confederation (AOC) which was loose confederation. Deliberately weak national gov in which states held most of the power. No executive branch No judicial branch No power to collect taxes Difficult to pass laws (9 of 13 votes required) Unanimity require to amend AOC Every state regardless of pop had only one vote

11 Weak Nat’l Gov AOC could declare war, make peace, coin money & enter into treaties but couldn’t collect taxes or regulate trade Limits on national gov produced many problems States couldn’t collect taxes War veterans weren’t paid Some states issued their own currency Some states put tariffs on goods from neighboring states

12 Constitutional Convention 1787
Shay’s Rebellion convinces the states that AOC is not effective government Using ideas of the Enlightenment the delegates created new government Created three branches of gov Created C/B Federal system which shared power with the states Anti-federalists demanded & received a Bill of Rights to protect rights of citizens

13 Enlightenment Principles
Both the USC & BOR put enlightenment ideas into practice Expressed optimism that reason & reform would prevail & that progress was inevitable Optimism will spread Republic SOP + C/B Social Contract Bill of Rights Federalism House/Senate Tolerance Compromise

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