1. Hydrology Engineering
Lecture 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
IR HERMONO S. BUDINETRO, M. ENG
Part of the lecture was from ibu
Purwanti Sri Pudyastuti

2. HYDROLOGI General HYDROLOGI HYDROMETRI CLIMATOLOGY RAINFALL
AWLR, Peil scal
RAINFALL
ARR, ORR
EROSIFITAS
WATER LEVEL
POINT RAINFALL
Observation
Current meter
SEDIMEN TRANSPORT
Observation
RATING CURVE
AREAL RAINFALL
Analisa frekuensi
DESIGN RAINFALL
RIVER DISCHARGE
Sintetis
Frequency Analysis
DESIGN DISCHARGE
Maximum discharge (at maximum water level)
Minimum discharge (at dry season) and
Design discharge (design flood) and
Water availibility

3. CLIMATOLOGY the scientific study of climate
The incidence and distribution of water in an area depends on the climate, topography and geology.
Climate is mostly influenced by geographical location in the earth's surface.
In general, the climate has an influence on the lives of humans and animals, and plants, .

4. Climate influence on Soil, Plants and Animals / Humans
Factor
Soil
Plant
Animal/Human
Temperatur
Good for the separation of organic substances and thus facilitate the dissolution of the mineral soil
Good for the growth and maturation of the fruit. Accelerate water loss, or evaporation.
Influencing the decrease / increase in body temperature
Humidity
Retard the drying. Good for decay and facilitate dissolution of organic materials
Good for growth. Reduce evaporation.
Affect heat loss, pushing their skin disorders, make humans uncomfortable
Wind velocity
Erodes the open land, and encourage drying
Accelerate evaporation. Help pollination.
Encouraging heat loss
Sun shine
raising the temperature
arrange photosynthesis
Can burn the skin, the skin surface temperature increase
Rainfall
Peeling and washing land Agglomerate clay/soil
Water is important for plants, dissolving nutrients
Affect health, it could bring the danger of flooding
Agglomerate= meggumpalkan

5. Climatic factors that are important for hydrological analysis are:
humidity, temperature, radiation, wind, and precipitation.
Topography is closely related to the level surface of the earth, the mountains, rivers, lakes, swamps, geological structure of the local soil and forms / types of the earth's surface (land use) that will directly affect the level / large runoff (coefficient run- off) ,

6. Climatological station
Climatic conditions of a region obtained from Climatological Station,
Rain fall depth,
The amount of time the sun is shining and the amount of solar radiation,
Velocity and direction of wind
Humidity
Temperatur maximum and mininimum
Evaporation
Changes in the water table of the groundwater.

7. CLIMATOLOGY STATTION 1. Rainfall 2. Humidity 3. Temperatur
Ordinary Rainfall Recorder = ORR
Automatic Rainfall Recorder = ARR.
1. Rainfall
2. Humidity
psychrometer,
hair hygrometer or
hygro thermograph.
3. Temperatur
Thermometer maximum and
Thermometer minimum
4. Sun shine
the length of sun shine  “Campbell Stokes Recorder” (glass ball)
Sun shine calories “Actinograph”
5. Velocity & direction of wind
Anemometer
6. Evaporation
Pan Evaporation

8. Lay – Out Climatology station
ARR
ORR
1,0 m
gate
10 m
6 m
2,5 m
3,0 m
2,0 m
measuring device for solar heat
sunshine recorder
Pan
evaporasi
tank for water storage
home instrument with the door a north facing
measuring device for wind speed and direction
house of supporting devices for ARR
pagar transparan
Lay – Out Climatology station

10. ARR = Automatic rainfall recorder
THERMOMETER
ARR = Automatic rainfall recorder
THERMOHYGROGRAPH
Temperature & humidity
ORR = ordinary rainfall recorder
SUNSHINE “Campbell Stokes Recorder”
the length of sun shine
ACTINOGRAPH
Sun shine calories
ANEMOMETER
Velocity & direction of wind
PAN EVAPORASI

11. Rain recorder is 2 (two) types: Ordinary Rainfall Recorder = ORR” and
Automatic Rainfall Recorder = ARR.
ARR must always be accompanied by the ORR. which is used as a calibration total daily rainfall.
ARR =
Automatic rainfall recorder
ORR = ordinary rainfall recorder

12. THERMOHYGROGRAPH Temperature & humidity
The temperature was recorded with a thermometer, placed in an open box protected from rain and direct sunlight, The thermometer usually together with air humidity recording device. Observations were made using the maximum and minimum thermometers, which will provide information on the maximum and minimum temperatures at a certain period.
In Indonesia, the minimum temperature occurred at around 4:30 AM and the maximum temperature at 13,00.PM. The higher the elevation of the ground surface of the sea level, the lower the air temperature, the change range from 6.50 C to rise 1000 m. Variations in air temperature also depends on the intensity of sunlight, the pattern of ocean currents, wind, and plants.
THERMOMETER
Maximum & minimum

13. Humidity
The air easily absorb moisture, thus forming air humidity. The amount of water vapor that is absorbed depends on the air temperature and water. The higher the temperature, the more water vapor that can be held. If there is an energy source that can vaporize this water into the air, the evaporation will continue until the air becomes saturated with water vapor, so that it can no longer absorb water vapor, resulting in a balance. In these conditions the water molecules will put pressure on the system at a certain temperature, known as the "saturated vapor pressure" or es. Value es varies according to the surrounding temperature.
To measure humidity 
used psychrometer, a hair hygrometer or hygrothermograph.
In relation to the science of hydrology, the amount of humidity will affect the prevalence of cloud that will turn into rain.
THERMOHYGROGRAPH Temperature & humidity

14. Sun Shine
The measurement a long sun shines with devices "Campbell Stokes Recorder" placed on brick masonry. This device consists of a solid glass ball with a diameter of 4 inches (= 10.1 cm) attached to the sunken field, diameter and placement so that sunlight passing through the glass ball with a sharp focus on the field of concave, in case the sun will burn the paper placed on the sunken field. Of combustion in the paper can be known a long the sun shines every day.
SUNSHINE “Campbell Stokes Recorder”
the length of sun shine
ACTINOGRAPH
Sun shine calories

15. Purwanti Sri Pudyastuti

16. Evaporation
Evaporation measurements  is used the Pan Evaporation (next lecture)
PAN EVAPORASI

17. The velocity and direction of wind
The wind is moving air,  to have the direction and speed.
Wind direction is expressed in 16 majors compass and comes with directions that states the degree to north.
Wind speed expressed in miles / hour, kilometers / hour, meters / second, or knots (1 knot = km / h).
Wind speed and direction are usually measured by the anemometer and wind direction.
Anemometer commonly used is the type of dish that consists of 3 or 4 cup that rotates around the vertical axis.
Anemometer installed at a height of 2 m above the ground.
ANEMOMETER
Velocity & direction of wind