1. II. Determinants of Local Climate A. Topography
1. mountains

2. Merriam’s Life Zones in the southwestern U.S.

4. Valleys - Day II. Determinants of Local Climate A. Topography
1. mountains
2. valleys
Valleys - Day

5. Death Valley
134o F
July 10, 1913

6. Valleys - Night II. Determinants of Local Climate A. Topography
1. mountains
2. valleys
Valleys - Night

7. II. Determinants of Local Climate A. Topography
1. mountains
2. valleys
3. slope face

8. B. Water Bodies - act as heat sink/source as temp changes more slowly than air
SPRING to SUMMER
Land warms more rapidly than water body; heat transfers to cold water...increase in temp is buffered

9. B. Water Bodies - act as heat sink/source as temp changes more slowly than air
FALL to WINTER
Land cools more rapidly than water body; heat transfers to cold land...decrease in temp is buffered

10. B. Water Bodies - act as heat sink/source as temp changes more slowly than air
CONTINENTAL CLIMATE
MARITIME CLIMATE
Continental climate
Maritime climate
focus on temp (red) and NOTE scales differ!!

11. B. Water Bodies
- also a source of moisture

12. - also a source of moisture
B. Water Bodies
- also a source of moisture
Maritime climate

13. also a source of moisture
B. Water Bodies
also a source of moisture
Continental climate (max 100)
Maritime climate (max 160)
focus on precip (blue)

14. also a source of moisture
B. Water Bodies
also a source of moisture
depends on onshore vs. offshore winds/currents
Vancouver, 49N
Boston, 42 N
Note differences in scale

15. C. Additive Effects - Atacama Desert

16. D. Seasonality in Temperate Lakes

18. III. Climate and Soils A. Layers
- O = “organic” – undecomposed dead organic ‘litter’
- A = decomposed organics (‘humus’) and some inorganic minerals; where minerals ‘leach’ – are dissolved – and so rich in roots (sometimes part of A)
- B = mostly weathered inorganics, with layers of iron/aluminum deposition
- C = more like parent material, with deposition of calcium and magnesium carbonates
- R = parent material (bedrock)

19. III. Climate and Soils
Layers
Weathering and Erosion
- weathering: physical and chemical breakdown
- erosion: transport
Both are affected by temperature and water

20. Inputs: Outputs: - Decomposition contributes organics
- Weathering of parent rock contributes minerals
BOTH INCREASE UNDER WARM WET CONDITIONS
Outputs:
- Bio-uptake by plants and detritivores absorbs untrients from soil
- Leaching washes nutrients from soil;
- (small amounts of water in desert soils can brings salts up to surface by capillary actions, forming a caliche.
BOTH INCREASE UNDER WARM WET CONDITIONS