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A-1002 WM-002 MH-001
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What is muscle health?
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Muscle protein synthesis
Muscle free pool Muscle Proteins Breakdown Synthesis Plasma free pool 300 g turnover Free muscle AA pool – 130 g 70 gram amino acids synthesized, 70 gram amino acids broken down per day 25-30% of total turnover Burd et al. , Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2013
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Muscle reconditioning
Lance Armstrong Jay Cutler
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Muscle deconditioning
immobilisation sarcopenia cancer cachexia COPD type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease
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What regulates muscle conditioning?
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Main anabolic stimuli
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Nutrition is an anabolic stimulus
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Amino acids
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Amino acids stimulate protein synthesis
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Post-prandial muscle protein synthesis
protein digestion amino acid absorption plasma amino acid availability hormonal response postprandial perfusion muscle protein signaling proteins myofibrillar protein synthesis
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Intrinsically labeled protein
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Intrinsically labeled protein
van Loon et al., J Dairy Sci, 2009, Pennings et al., J Dairy Sci, 2010, Burd et al., PLoS ONE, 2013
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Post-prandial protein synthesis
Groen et al., PLoS ONE, 2015
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‘You are what you just ate’
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Source of protein
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Amount of dietary protein
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Timing of protein ingestion
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Other macronutrients
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Other nutritional compounds
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Food preparation
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Body position
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Muscle contraction is an anabolic stimulus
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Muscle contraction Chesley et al., J Appl Physiol, 1992.
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Synergy between exercise and food intake
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Exercise and nutrition
Moore et al., J Physiol, 2009
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Post-prandial muscle protein synthesis
Rest Exercise Muscle protein synthesis Young Older Pennings et al., Am J Clin Nutr, 2010
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Physical activity prior to food intake
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‘You are more of what you just ate’
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Muscle deconditioning
sarcopenia cancer cachexia COPD type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease
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What causes muscle loss with aging
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Anabolic resistance Cuthbertson et al., FASEB J., 2005
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Anabolic resistance Wall et al., PLoS ONE, 2015
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Concept of anabolic resistance
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Wall et al. Acta Physiol. Scand., 2013
Leg immobilisation Wall et al. Acta Physiol. Scand., 2013
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Anabolic resistance to protein ingestion
31% Wall et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013
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Decline in physical activity
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‘You are less of what you just ate’
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Clinical relevance
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Deliverables Post-prandial protein handling Anabolic resistance
Physical Activity Dietary strategies Anabolic resistance Leg immobilisation model
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