1. WAYS MOLECULES MOVE Chapter 7-3

2. Diffusion

3. FROM A LOT to NOT Molecules move _______“where there’s _______”
Animatioin from:
Molecules move
_______“where there’s _______”
____“where there’s _______”
FROM
A LOT to
NOT

4. DIFFUSION across a space
Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another
= ________________________
DIFFERENCE
Concentration gradient

5. DIFFUSION across a SPACE
Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration
EXAMPLES
DOWN
from
Higher to
Lower
Blue dye in beaker demo,
Someone making popcorn/grilling out
Strong perfume,
Bad smell in room

6. DIFFUSION across a space
Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space
= ________________________
equal everywhere
Equilibrium

7. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells
Image modiified from:

8. Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too
across
membrane
…as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________
pass through

9. CELL EXAMPLE: (Do Not Write!)
DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood)
CO2 automatically moves from where there is a
HIGHER concentration
(in blood) to where there
is a lower concentration
(in lungs)

10. PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
Video from:
PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
See a movie

11. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules that can’t get through the membrane?
LARGE
POLAR

12. Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________
WAY
HELP
can’t go
themselves

13. Kinds of ________ Transport
PASSIVE
__________________________________
___________________________________
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion

14. DIFFUSION across a membrane
DIFFERENCE
Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other
concentration
See diffusion animation

15. DIFFUSION PASSIVE DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide
DIFFUSION
PASSIVE
No energy required = _______
Moves _______ concentration gradient
from ___________________
Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane
Example of molecules that move this way in cells:
________ & ____________
DOWN
HIGHER to LOWER
OXYGEN Carbon dioxide

16. FACILITATED DIFFUSION uses _______________ to help molecules across 2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________
membrane proteins
Carriers
Channels
Animations from:

17. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
The movement of water molecules
across a cell membrane is called
___________IMPORTANT VOCAB!!!
OSMOSIS

18. ALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION
PASSIVE
No energy required = _____________
Moves ________ concentration gradient
from ________________________
Needs a facilitator to make it happen
___________________ help molecules get across membrane
DOWN
HIGHER to LOWER
Membrane proteins

19. Kinds of ________Transport
ACTIVE
PUMPS
Vesicles
Active Transport is when energy is required to transport.

20. See a video clip about
Na+-K+ pump -7D

21. PUMP ACTIVE ATP low high membrane proteins pumps ___________ transport
(requires energy from ______)
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Uses _______________________ called ____________ to move molecules
Example: nerve cells Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells
ATP
low
high
membrane proteins
pumps

22. ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES
___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules
Used for transporting molecules:
If entering the cell = ______________
If exiting the cell = _______________
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS

23. See a video clip about
Endo/exocytosis -7E

24. ENDOCYTOSIS Substances taken into cell
ACTIVE
energy
__________ transport (requires________)
Uses ______________ to carry substances
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Examples in cells:
one celled organisms eat this way
white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way
VESICLES
low
high

25. ENDOCYTOSIS Protist eating another
Animation from:
Protist eating
another

26. WHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA (Phagocytosis)

27. EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell
ACTIVE
energy
__________ transport (requires________)
Uses ______________ to carry substances
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Examples in cells:
_________ release packaged proteins this way
VESICLES
low
high
GOLGI

28. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Video:
GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Animation from:
See a Golgi movie

29. Transport Check for Understanding
Transport that requires energy is called?
Transport that does not require energy is called?
One example of transport that does not required energy.
One example of transport that does require energy
Which direction do molecules move in diffusion? High to Low or Low to High?

30. VOCAB
_____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
_____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved
SOLUTE
SOLVENT

31. Images by Riedell
__________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution
CONCENTRATION
MORE
The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration
GREATER

32. Use new vocab to make Koolaid
Koolaid powder
sugar
Solutes = ______________& __________
Solvent = ____________
Koolaid drink = ______________
Water
solution

33. Tonicity
The Cell’s Goal: Equal amounts of water and particles inside and outside cell
Hypertonic Solution (Salty): water leaves cell, so cell shrivels up and gets smaller
Hypotonic Solution (More Water, Less Salt): water enters cell, so cell swells up
Isotonic Solution (equallibrium): water goes in and out of cell in equal amounts so there’s no change

34. What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?
Solute concentration
Greater outside
than inside
Lower outside
than inside
Equal outside
and inside
HYPERTONIC
HYPOTONIC
ISOTONIC
What will happen to an animal cell
placed in different solutions?

35. If cells can’t maintain “stable internal conditions” . . .
damage can result and cells can die.

36. OSMOSIS swell and possibly burst Video LESS THAN
Animation from:
OSMOSIS
See an animation Osmosis3
Video
Choose Blood
Hypotonic link
HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell Water enters cell so cell will ___________________
LESS THAN
swell and possibly burst

37. OSMOSIS shrinks GREATER THAN Video
Animation from:
OSMOSIS
See an animation
OSMOSIS 4
HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell
Water leaves cell so cell ____________
GREATER THAN
shrinks
Choose Blood
Hypertonic link
Video

38. 3 step process to determine osmosis (flow of water) In or out?
Step 1: Draw cell (circle) inside solution (square)
Step 2: Calculate the amount of WATER inside and outside cell (100% -__ % of materials) and label % of water
Sometimes amount of water may be given (Ex: pure water = 100%)
Step 3: Draw arrow from higher number to lower number (into cell or outside cell)