1. Science Starter #8 – 4/11/17
Identify one similarity and one difference between primary and secondary succession TAKE OUT SUCCESSION COMIC  STAMPED

2. Notes 11.6 – The Bad: Human Issues and Impacts

3. Issue: Invasive Species
CAUSE:
Non native species is introduced into an ecosystem

4. Issue: Invasive Species
IMPACT:
Affect biodiversity of native species
Have no natural predators
Causes food web to go out of balance

5. Issue: Invasive Species
POSSILE SOLUTIONS:
Clean boats when moving to new location
Clean all camping gear
Do not bring in food from other countries
Limit use of non-native species

6. ISSUE: Biomagnification

7. ISSUE: Biomagnification
CAUSE:
Bioaccumulation: pollutant enters the organism and builds up within the individual over time
Biomagnification: concentration of pollutant increases as you move up the food chain

8. ISSUE: Biomagnification
IMPACT:
Species can eventually go extinct
Infants/unborn babies: affects developing nervous system
Children/adults: affects brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, & immune system

9. ISSUE: Biomagnification
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Banning of toxic pollutants (worst ones have already been banned, like DDT)
Regulate or even eliminate processes that create toxins (ex. Burning Coal)

10. ISSUE: Climate Change

11. ISSUE: Climate Change CAUSE:
Greenhouse Effect: the ability to trap heat
keeps our planet warm and habitable
Combustion of fossil fuels releases excess carbon
CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap heat

12. ISSUE: Climate Change IMPACT:
Global temperature to rise about 4o C by 2100
Rise in sea levels
Changes in weather and climate patterns affecting agriculture
Affects amphibian/reptile development

13. ISSUE: Climate Change POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Eliminate the burning of fossil fuels
Carpool or use public transportation
Wind Power, Solar Power, Hydropower, other alternative energy sources

14. ISSUE: Ozone Thinning

15. ISSUE: Ozone Thinning CAUSE:
CFC’s from refrigerators, plastic manufacturing break down the ozone
Ozone Hole started in the Southern Hemisphere but increases in size over time

16. ISSUE: Ozone Thinning IMPACT:
Increased UV radiation leads to skin cancer because atmosphere blocks UV radiation

17. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: ISSUE: Ozone Thinning
Ban CFCs and other pollutants

18. ISSUE: Acid Rain

19. ISSUE: Acid Rain CAUSE:
Burning of coal and fossil fuels releases pollutants into the atmosphere
Water vapor condenses around the pollutant particles to form acidic water (acid rain)
Some bodies of water can buffer/resist the effects of acid rain

20. ISSUE: Acid Rain IMPACT:
Disease and death of trees, fish, and other organisms
Degradation of stone

21. ISSUE: Acid Rain POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Reduce/eliminate use of fossil fuels!
Be sustainable!
Sustainable: able to maintain needs at a reasonable rate
Watch your ecological (carbon) footprint
How much do your actions affect the environment?

22. ISSUE: Ocean Pollution

23. ISSUE: Ocean Pollution
CAUSE:
Plastic pollution on land is carried out to sea by wind and rain
We're surrounded by plastic. Think about every piece you touch in a single day: grocery bags, food containers, coffee cup lids, drink bottles, straws for juice boxes — the list goes on and on. Plastic may be convenient, but its success carries a steep price.
Every single piece of plastic every made still exists today!

24. ISSUE: Ocean Pollution
IMPACT:
Entanglement: organisms become twisted in or caught in plastics
Ingestion: organisms eat plastics
Rafting Organisms: barnacles, sea anemones, and other “rafters” make their home on plastics.

25. ISSUE: Ocean Pollution
Possible Solutions
USE LESS PLASTIC!!!
Use biodegradable products
Watch where you throw away/recycle your plastics

26. Ecosystem Destruction
Extinction: the death of every member of a species
Habitat destruction: river damming, logging, invasive species
Hunting/harvesting: overfishing, poaching

27. The Good: ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS
Ch. 22-3 pp

28. HUMAN RESOURCE USE
Ecological (carbon) footprint: amount of land and sea required to supply the resources to fit your lifestyle needs
Calculate your own:
Sustainability: the ability to meet human needs
In 2007 humanity’s total ecological footprint was ~1.5 earth’s

29. Pollution Release of environmental contaminants
Types: Land, water, air, noise, light

30. FIELDS OF STUDY
Conservation biology: identify, protect, and maintain natural areas at risk
Restoration biology: rebuild the damaged ecosystems
Use bioindicators (indicator species): species especially sensitive to environmental changes; used as early warning signals of environmental problems
Mussels as bioindicators: can measure population as well as toxins

31. PROTECTING ECOSYSTEMS
Biodiversity Hotspots: regions with the highest diversity that are most in danger

32. U.S. signs debt-for-nature swap with Indonesia
GOVERNMENT LAWS
Debt-for-Nature Swap: richer countries or private companies pay smaller/poorer countries for conservation of undeveloped land or education programs
U.S. signs debt-for-nature swap with Indonesia

33. PRIVATE EFFORTS
Ecotourism: People pay for nature guides, food, and lodging in exchange for opportunity to experience the ecosystem