1. Intro to Biology Review
Chapter 1

2. 2. What kinds of things would a biologist study?
1. What is Biology?
Study of life
2. What kinds of things would a biologist study?
Characteristics of known and new living things
Interactions between living things
Interactions between living things and the environment
Problems living things face and possible solutions
What kinds of things would a biologist not usually study?
Any non-living thing (will vary…rocks, weather, plastics)
3. What are the five characteristics of life?
Organization
Change
Reproduce
Respond
Adapt and Evolve

3. 4. What are the levels of organization from the most simple to the most complex?
Simplest – atom
Complex - Ecosystem
5. At what organizational level is a one-celled protozoan? Is there another level that it could technically fit into?
Cell or organism
6. What is reproduction? Can an organism be alive if it did not reproduce?
Organisms producing offspring for the survival of the species
yes
7. What is a species?
Organisms able to reproduce and create fertile offspring
8. Every organism starts as a _ and becomes more _.
Single cell, complex

4. 10. Why should any organism respond? To survive
9. My dog hears thunder and runs under my bed. What is the stimulus? What is the response? Come up with your own example of a stimulus and response.
Stimulus – Thunder
Response – dog under bed
10. Why should any organism respond?
To survive
11. What is homeostasis?
Regulation of internal conditions for survival
12. Responding to one’s surroundings requires which is the ability to _. We obtain this ability from _.
Energy…..do work……food
13. What is the difference between adaptation and evolution?
Adaptation – change in behavior, structure, internal processes to respond to environment
Evolution – accumulation of adaptations or changes over time

5. Credible, accurate, and relevant
14. What are the 7 steps to the Scientific Method? For what would someone use the Scientific Method?
State the Problem
Gather Information (Make observations)
Form a Hypothesis
Test the Hypothesis - Design an Experiment
Record and Analyze Data
Form a Conclusion
Repeat
15. When you collect data to form a hypothesis, that data should be ______, _______, and ________.
Credible, accurate, and relevant
16. Where are some good places to look for reliable data?
Previous scientific investigations
Science journals
Textbooks
Other credible sources, such as scientifically reliable internet sites

6. 17. What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
Observation have actually happened…inference judgment based upon previous observations
18. I notice that it is raining outside and I figure my bus is going to be late. What is the observation? What is my inference?
Observation – raining
Inference – bus will be late
19. You have a control group and an experimental group in your test. What is the difference?
Control – all conditions are kept the same
Experimental – conditions match that of the control except for the one factor being tested

7. 20. I want to test the claims that a commercial made about a new shampoo. How could I set up an experiment? Be sure to define the two “groups” that I’d need and define what my two types of variables would be.
Set up two groups with a reasonable number in each
experimental group – use the shampoo
control group - would not
Observe hair in each group over the period of a month
Record condition of hair
Independent – shampoo
Dependent – promised result (ie softer, etc.)
21. Why would you want a large sample size in your experimental set up?
A large sample size increases the reliability of results and decreases the effect of errors on the outcome

8. 22. Determine the independent and dependent variables in the following experimental descriptions.
A corn field is divided into four parts, each part is 'treated' with a different fertilizer to see which produces the most corn.
I – different fertilizers
D – corn production
A teacher practices different teaching methods on different groups in her class to see which yields the best unit test results.
I – teaching methods
D – class results
A doctor treats a patient with a skin condition with different creams to see which is most effective.
I – skin creams
D – skin conditions
Three different groups of runners are subjected to different training methods to determine which will decrease their time
I – training methods
D – running times

9. 23. What is the difference between precision and accuracy?
Precision – the degree to which measurements made in the same way agree with each other
Accuracy – the degree to which the value measured agrees with the true or accepted value
24. No matter how my experiment turned out, what two “R” steps should I always do?
Repeat and report
25. What is the difference between fact and theory?
Fact – Observable phenomenon that can be confirmed by scientists many times
Theory – a hypothesis tested over a long period of time, supported by separate experiments
26. Name and list the differences between the two types of research.
Quantitative – controlled experiments, numerical data
Descriptive – based on observations in uncontrolled environments

10. Class Records of Rainfall (cm)
27. What are some quantitative measurements and descriptive observations that I could make during my study of the African elephants?
Quantitative - # of elephants
Descriptive - behavior
28. What is SI and why should I use it?
International Systems of Measurement
Standard units so everyone understands
29. Graph the information to the right…REMEMBER to include all of the required parts.
Class Records of Rainfall (cm)
Fall Semester
Spring Semester
Summer School
Charleston, SC 36 46 51
Myrtle Beach, SC 35 45 48

11. 30. What parts are required for a helpful and complete table?
Title
Clearly labeled columns and rows
Labeled units
31. What parts are required for a helpful and complete graph?
A label for each axis
Legend
Data properly depicted
* Independent on x-axis
* Dependant on y-axis
32. Looking at the table in #29, what are the independent and dependent variables?
Independent – Class locations and time of year
Dependent – rainfall measured

12. 34. What type of graph would I use for the following data sets?
33. What are the three main types of graphs? What kind of data is appropriate for each one?
Line - For continuous quantitative data
Bar - For non-continuous data (usually in categories)
Pie - For data that are parts of a whole
34. What type of graph would I use for the following data sets?
A survey of people’s favorite color
bar
Height of a plant measured during the first 30 days of growth
line
The percentages of time spent in class on each activity
pie
Number of people in each state that voted in the last election
Population growth over time

13. 35. What unit and tool would I use to measure the following items?
Length of my textbook
Centimeters - ruler
Temperature of my steak
Degrees Celsius - thermometer
How fast I ran the 100 meter dash
Seconds - stopwatch
How much water I drank after my 100 meter dash
Milliliters or liters - graduated cylinder
The difference between the mass of my biology textbook and my notebook
Grams - triple-beam balance
36. Convert the following units
467 meters is
467,000 mm
1.24 kg is
1,240 g
1,284 mL is
1.284 L

14. 37. What are ethics? Do all humans have the same ethics?
moral principles and values held by humans – not everyone’s are the same
38. What are some benefits and downsides to technology? Give an example of technology that has had both benefits and downsides.
Benefit – save time, make things easier…
Downside – create pollution, could hurt others…
Example – car…makes it easier to get places but causes pollution
39. How are the goals of scientific and technological design different?
Scientific Investigation - Goal is to answer a question, perhaps advance the knowledge of science
Technological design - Goal is to create a specific outcome, perhaps advance the standard of living in societies

15. Scientific Investigation
Technological Design
Identifies a problem – asks a question
Identifies a problem or need
Researches related information
Designs an investigation or experiment
Designs a process or a product
Conducts the investigation or experiment – repeated trials
Implements the design or the process – repeated testing
Analyzes the results
Evaluates the conclusion – did the results refute or verify the hypothesis
Evaluates the process or product – did it meet the criteria
Communicates the findings
Communicates the product or process