1. US Foreign Policy
Ch 19

2. Topics
History
Governmental Structures
Current Issues

3. Goals in FP Trade: promoting and/or regulating
Defense: National Security
Promoting environment, human rights, good relations, cultural exchanges.

4. America’s International Relations History
1800s: Small country expanding its influence
1900s: US becomes a world power
Post-WWII: The UN and the Cold War: US is a superpower
Post-Cold War: What are our goals?

5. 1800s Beginnings: Isolationism 1820s: Monroe Doctrine
Manifest Destiny and Expansion
War with Mexico
Oregon Treaty 1846

6. 1900s: US becomes a world power
The “new” Imperialism
Spanish-American war and follow-up war in the Philippines
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
Panama Canal

7. US becomes a world power
World War I
US stays out
Joins 1917
Ends Nov, 1918
Versailles Treaty
Wilson hopes for collective security through League of Nations
1920s and 30s: trend toward isolationism
World War II
What countries are on what side?

8. Axis vs. Allies
Japan
Italy
Germany UK
USSR US
France
China

9. Post WWII Internationalism
Free trade promoted in international organizations: Bretton Woods System
GATT
IMF
World Bank
United Nations

10. United Nations: www.un.org
Purposes: Preamble
Structures
General Assembly
Secretary General
Security Council:
Purposes
Who has power in it?
Economic and Social Council
International Court of Justice
Limitations of UN

11. UN Security Council 15 countries
5 permanent countries with veto power: US UK
China
USSR
France

12. UN
US Ambassador to the UN :Susan Rice

13. Cold War 1946-1991 US and allies vs. USSR and allies
Ideological rivalry
Communism vs. Democracy and capitalism
No direct war
Lots of proxy wars
Competition for influence and dominance around the world
Arms race
Space race

14. Cold War terms and policies
Containment
NATO and Warsaw Pact
Fighting the Cold War is the backbone of US Foreign Policy

16. Cold War Korean and Vietnam Wars Nuclear Deterrence and MAD
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Détente
Nixon in China 1970s
Human Rights as a goal
UN Human Rights Declaration
Cold War ends 1989, 1991

17. New Goals? Human Rights as a goal Internationalism/Multilateralism
Combating terrorism
Environment
Nukes: Which countries have them?
NPT
Spreading Democracy
Globalization

18. Who makes foreign policy?
Checks and balances in duties of branches of gov’t
Industry
Media
Public

19. The Executive Branch is #1 in foreign and military policy
The President
Access to and control of information
Commander in Chief of the military
Departments of State, Defense, Homeland Security

20. Department of State: http://www.state.gov/
Foreign policy negotiations
Embassies
Economic Development

21. Department of Defense http://www.defense.gov/
Robert Gates
Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines
Joint Chiefs
CIA
National Security Council: advises the president

22. Department of Homeland Security
Cabinet department created after the 9/11 attacks for domestic U.S. security
Janet Napolitano

23. Congress’s role in FP Oversight: hearings Appointments: hearings
Appropriations: $$
Treaties
Declaration of war
Pass laws dealing with Foreign Policy

24. Declaration of War: power shift from Congress to President
Since WWII: Korea, Vietnam, Gulf War, Afghanistan, Iraq. How?
Congressional Resolutions and President using power as Commander in Chief
War Powers Act, 1973
Pres can deploy
Congress must approve after or troops must return
Not very effective

25. The Military Industrial Complex
The relationship and influence of
U.S. armed forces
Defense industries on
Government
Mostly about: $$: Defense contracts

26. The News Media Reporting and investigation Agenda setting
Influencing public opinion

27. The Public Generally more interest in domestic over foreign affairs
Influences FP through
Elections
Widespread resistance or protests
Polls
Work in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International

28. Middle East map

29. Middle East World War I impacts World War II impacts Cold War impacts
Britain and France in the region
World War II impacts
Israel
Cold War impacts
Conflicts seen through “cold war glasses”
Iran’s Shah is overthrown
Islamic revolution
Americans taken hostage

30. Middle East Iran-Iraq war Gulf War, 1991
US tries to find a friend in the region: Saddam Hussein
Gulf War, 1991
Reasons Iraq took over Kuwait
Results

31. Afghanistan
The Soviet Union’s “Vietnam”
Results
map:

32. 9/11 What were the motives behind the attacks? Who was responsible?
Why did the US go to war with Afghanistan afterwards?
Al Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden
The Taliban
The War on Terrorism

33. War in Iraq Reasons for war?
US attempted to get UN Security Council’s OK
Congressional vote to allow the use of force
US attacks in March, 2003
Bush Doctrine: preemptive strike

34. Countries
Read classmates’ reports on countries

35. If no student reports, read NY Times topics pages on
China
Russia
North Korea
Iran
Iraq
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Al Qaeda
Taliban
Yemen
Israel
Palestinians