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2.4 – Names and Formulae of Inorganic Compounds

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1 2.4 – Names and Formulae of Inorganic Compounds

2 Binary Ionic Compounds, p. 96
You can recognize the formula of a binary compound because it only contains two capital letters, one for each elemental symbol

3 Binary Ionic Compounds, p. 96
Monoatomic ion Any ion derived from a single atom one + atom  monoatomic

4 Binary Ionic Compounds, p. 96
Binary ionic compounds contain one type of monoatomic metal cation and one type of monoatomic non-metal anion

5 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Multivalent metal
Any metal that has multiple possible ionic charges

6 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 The name of every ionic compound starts with the name of its cation and ends with the name of its anion

7 Na Na+

8 Na sodium Na+

9 sodium Na sodium ion Na+

10 Ti3+ Ti4+

11 Ti3+ titanium(III) ion Ti4+

12 titanium(III) ion Ti3+ titanium(IV) ion Ti4+

13 Cl Cl—

14 Cl chlorine Cl—

15 chlorine Cl chloride Cl—

16 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of ZnCl2. Zn Cl 2

17 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of ZnCl2. Zn Cl

18 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Zn Cl 2+ — metal = ionic single-valent
Write the name of ZnCl2. metal = ionic Zn Cl 2+ — single-valent

19 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of ZnCl2. zinc chloride Cl —

20 single-valent metal monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride

21 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Just as all atoms are neutral, despite being made up of charged particles, all compounds are neutral, requiring that every positive cation charge have a corresponding negative anion charge

22 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of Cu2O. Cu 2 O

23 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of Cu2O. Cu O

24 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 + Cu O 2+ 2— metal = ionic multivalent
Write the name of Cu2O. metal = ionic + Cu O 2+ 2— multivalent

25 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Cu Cu2O O ? 2— Cu? two copper ions
Write the name of Cu2O. Cu Cu2O O ? 2— Cu? two copper ions

26 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Cu O 2— ? Cu? total negative charges
Write the name of Cu2O. Cu O 2— ? Cu? total negative charges

27 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 2+ 2— Cu O 2— ? Cu? must balance total
Write the name of Cu2O. must balance 2+ 2— Cu O 2— ? Cu? total negative charges distribute evenly

28 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Cu+ copper(I) oxide O 2— Cu+
Write the name of Cu2O. Cu+ copper(I) oxide O 2— Cu+

29 single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide

30 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 To determine an ionic compound’s formula from its name, you must determine the simplest ratio between the cation and the anion that successfully balances the positive and negative charges

31 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 magnesium nitride
Write the formula of magnesium nitride. magnesium nitride

32 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 magnesium N3— no Roman numeral
Write the formula of magnesium nitride. magnesium N3— no Roman numeral

33 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 2+ 3— Mg2+ N3— must balance
Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 2+ 3— Mg2+ N3—

34 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ must balance
Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 4+ 3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+

35 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3— must balance
Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 4+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3—

36 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 6+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ must balance
Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 6+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+

37 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Mg3 N2 N3— N3—
Write the formula of magnesium nitride. Mg3 N2 N3— N3—

38 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 tin(IV) oxide
Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. tin(IV) oxide

39 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 tin(IV) O2— Roman numeral
Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. tin(IV) O2— Roman numeral

40 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 2— Sn4+ O2— must balance
Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. must balance 4+ 2— Sn4+ O2—

41 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 4— Sn4+ O2— O2— must balance
Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. must balance 4+ 4— Sn4+ O2— O2—

42 Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Sn O2 O2— O2—
Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. Sn O2 O2— O2—

43 single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide

44 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Atoms form chemical bonds to achieve a full valence shell, by either filling the current one or by losing one that’s only partially occupied

45 Na Cl one electron to lose needs to gain one electron metal non-metal

46 Na Cl

47 monoatomic cation monoatomic anion Na Cl + — ionic bond

48 F C non-metal non-metal also wants to gain electrons wants to

49 both atoms will share these electrons F C

50 F C covalent bond

51 F all atoms have a full valence shell neutral molecule F C F F

52 O H

53 O H

54 O H missing one electron

55 O H

56 monoatomic cation polyatomic anion + — Na O H ionic bond

57 multiple + atom  polyatomic
Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Polyatomic ion A group of atoms who bond together through electron sharing and covalent bonds, who collectively need to gain or lose one or more electrons, forming a molecular ion multiple + atom  polyatomic

58 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Polyatomic ions often remain intact during a chemical reaction, appearing in a compound as a reactant and in a different compound as a product

59 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 The formula of an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion has three or more capital letters, directing you to the table of polyatomic ions in the data booklet

60 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 A Ag2SO4 S O contains a polyatomic ion
Write the name of Ag2SO4. contains a polyatomic ion A Ag2SO4 S O not a binary compound

61 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Ag2SO4 S O4 single-valent metal sulphate
Write the name of Ag2SO4. Ag2SO4 S O4 single-valent metal sulphate

62 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Write the name of Ag2SO4. Ag2SO4

63 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Write the name of Ag2SO4. Ag2 sulphate

64 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Write the name of Ag2SO4. silver sulphate

65 single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide single-valent polyatomic Ag2SO4  silver sulphate

66 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Polyatomic cations usually end with —onium, while polyatomic anions usually end with —ite or —ate

67 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 When a compound’s formula contains multiples of a polyatomic ion, first surround the polyatomic’s formula to define it, then add a subscript number to multiply it

68 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 iron(II) phosphate
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. iron(II) phosphate

69 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Fe2+ phosphate
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. Fe2+ phosphate

70 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 2+ 3— Fe2+ PO43— must balance
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 2+ 3— Fe2+ PO43—

71 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 4+ 3— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ must balance
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 4+ 3— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

72 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 4+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— must balance
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 4+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43—

73 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 6+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ must balance
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 6+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

74 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 PO4 2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. PO4 2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

75 Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Fe3 (PO4)2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+
Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. Fe3 (PO4)2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

76 Fe3(PO4)2  iron(II) phosphate
single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide single-valent multivalent metal polyatomic polyatomic Ag2SO4  silver sulphate Fe3(PO4)2  iron(II) phosphate

77 balance the positive and negative charges
name cation anion positive negative metal polyatomic non-metal polyatomic data booklet periodic table data booklet single-valent multivalent periodic table Roman numeral balance the positive and negative charges simplest ratio formula

78 formula name

79 change the ending to —ide
formula cation anion positive negative metal polyatomic non-metal polyatomic data booklet periodic table data booklet single-valent multivalent periodic table Roman numeral change the ending to —ide determine the actual charge first part second part

80 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Binary covalent compounds contain two non-metals, so long as they aren’t carbon and hydrogen, as those are hydrocarbons, which follow the naming rules of organic chemistry

81 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
To name a binary covalent compound, identify each element, changing the second one to end with —ide, then add a prefix to each to reflect the ratio between them, except for mono— on the first element

82 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Write the name of CO. C O

83 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Write the name of CO. carbon O

84 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Write the name of CO. carbon oxygen

85 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Write the name of CO. carbon mon oxide

86 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
To translate a binary covalent compound’s name into a formula, identify each element’s symbol, then convert any prefixes to subscripts, remembering that no prefix and mono— don’t generate a number

87 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Write the formula of dinitrogen tetroxide. di nitrogen tetr oxide

88 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Write the formula of dinitrogen tetroxide. di N tetr O

89 Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100
Write the formula of dinitrogen tetroxide. N2 O4

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