1. The Visual System

2. Anatomy of the eye

3. Intraocular Fluid
Glaucoma

6. Retina Pigmented layer Photoreceptors Bipolar cells Ganglion cells
Horizontal cell
Amacrine cell

7. Photoreceptors
Cones
Rods

8. Photoreceptors
Cones
Rods

9. Photoreceptors
Cones
Rods

10. Pupillary Light Reflex

11. Olivary pretectal nucleus
Edinger-Westphal
nucleus

12. Light Adaptation Pupillary size Neural adaptation
Photoreceptor adaptation

13. Light Adaptation Pupillary size Neural adaptation
Photoreceptor adaptation

14. Night blindness

15. VISUAL PATHWAY

17. VISUAL PATHWAY

22. Hemi - anopia

24. Optics of Vision

25. Optics of Vision

26. Optics of Vision

27. Optics of Vision

28. Accommodation

29. Vision problems
Ametropia : refraction error, inabiulity of properly focusing light on the retina, a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity

30. Vision problems

31. Visual acuity
Ability to separate contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart
snellen eye chart
Jaeger eye chart

32. Accommodation
Presbyopia: Loss of accommodation by the lens

33. Vision problems
Astigmatism : irregular curvature of either the cornea or the lens, which lead to blurred or distorted vision due to parts of the image are out of focus.

34. Light Detection

35. Light Detection

36. Light Detection

37. Photoreceptors
Cones
Rods

40. Color Blindness Red-green color blindness
X linked
Deuteranope >>> green
Protanope >>> red
Tritanopia >>> Blue Chromosome 7
***anomaly : shift in the spectrum of one of the proteins i.e. Deuteranomaly, Protanomaly, Tritanopia

43. Color Test Chart VS

44. Color Test Chart
42 VS “green” / 2 “red”