1. Respiration and Circulation
A. Describe the purpose of the respiratory system
List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
Describe the respiratory cycle, frequency, and factors that effect respiration in animals
Label the parts of the circulatory system
Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system

2. A horse must win:
1-Kentucky Derby
2- Belmont Stakes
3- Preakness

4. A. Describe the purpose of the respiratory system
Function of Respiratory System
1. To obtain and use oxygen
2. To eliminate carbon dioxide

5. B. List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
1. Nostrils
Also called nares
Paired, external openings
Separated by nasal septum

6. B. List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
1. Nostrils cont’d
Dilatable
a. Species Differences
i Horse--Very Pliable and Dilatable
ii. Pig--Rigid

7. B. List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
2. Nasal Cavities
Paired
Separated by Nasal Septum, and from mouth by palate
3. Pharynx
Common pathway for air and food

8. B. List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
4. Larynx
"Voice Box"
Organ of Phonation (Sound Production)
Sound produced by controlled passage of air which causes vibration of vocal chords
Syrinx
Voice Box for Birds
Located where trachea divides from bronchi
Vibrating Muscles

9. B. List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
5. Trachea
Primary passage way to Lungs
Cartilage Rings prevent collapse of airway
6. Alveoli
Principle site of gaseous diffusion between air and blood

10. B. List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
7. Lungs
Principle Organ of Respiratory System
Paired, found in Thorax
a. Thorax expansion causes Lung expansion

12. Pig Lungs Video

13. Human Lungs

14. Respiratory System

15. B. List & describe the structures of the respiratory system
Right Bronchus
Trachea
Right Lobes
Left Bronchus
Bronchioles
Left Lobes
Pleura
Diaphragm
Alveoli

16. Respiratory Cycle: 1. Inspiration A. Intake of air
C. Describe the respiratory cycle, frequency, and factors that effect respiration in animals
Respiratory Cycle:
1. Inspiration
A. Intake of air
B. Enlargement of thorax and lungs
C. Diaphragm pulls down creating negative air pressure

17. Respiratory Cycle: 2. Expiration A. Removal of air
C. Describe the respiratory cycle, frequency, and factors that effect respiration in animals
Respiratory Cycle:
2. Expiration
A. Removal of air
B. Contains mostly Carbon Dioxide
C. Diaphragm pushes UP

18. Frequency b. Body Size A. Number of Respiratory Cycles per minute
C. Describe the respiratory cycle, frequency, and factors that effect respiration in animals
Frequency
A. Number of Respiratory Cycles per minute
B. Factors affecting Respiratory Frequency
a. Species variations
Horse 12
Cow 29
Pig 40
Sheep 25
b. Body Size
--Heavy animals breath heavier

19. Frequency Cont’d c. Age d. Exercise e. Excitement
C. Describe the respiratory cycle, frequency, and factors that effect respiration in animals
Frequency Cont’d
c. Age
-Younger less
d. Exercise
-Increases
e. Excitement
f. Environmental Temperature
-Faster in heat (panting)

20. Frequency Cont’d g. Pregnancy h. Degree of filling of Intestine
C. Describe the respiratory cycle, frequency, and factors that effect respiration in animals
Frequency Cont’d
g. Pregnancy
--Increases
h. Degree of filling of Intestine
I. State of health
--Disease increases

21. Circulatory System

22. Circulation Video

23. D. Label the parts of the circulatory system
Red = Oxygenated
Blue = Deoxygenated
Superior Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Semilunar Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Perkinge Fibers
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Septum

24. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Circulatory System is a closed circuit path
Blood cells follow this path over, and over, and over again

25. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
1-Capillary:
Thin walled blood vessels
Site of gas exchange
Microscopic in size
Every inch of your body is covered in hundreds of capillaries

26. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
2-Vein:
Pathway of blood headed BACK to the heart
Always deoxygenated
Small Veins are called Venules

27. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
3-Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Where blood ENTERS heart

28. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
4-Right Atrium
1st Chamber of the heart

29. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
5-Tricuspid Valve
Thin walled blood vessels
Site of gas exchange
Microscopic in size
Every inch of your body is covered in hundreds of capillaries

30. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
6-Purkinje Fibers
Prevent backflow of blood

31. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
7-Right Ventricle
2nd Chamber of heart

32. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
8-Semilunar Valve
Deoxygenated blood LEAVES the heart through this valve

33. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
9-Lungs
Blood is oxygenated by lungs
Oxygen exchange takes place by passing from the alveoli (respiratory system) to the capillaries (circulatory system)

34. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
10-Left Atrium
3rd Chamber
OXYGENATED blood re enters the heart
Left
Atrium

35. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
11-Mitral Valve
Valve between LEFT atrium & ventricle
Left Atrium
Mitral Valve
Named because it looks like a Miter’s hat

36. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
12-Left Ventricle
Last (4th) chamber of the heart before blood leaves the heart through arteries
Left Ventricle

37. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
13-Arteries
LARGE Blood passageways that take OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the heart

38. E. Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system
Follow the Circulatory System
Capillaries (again)
Here is where the process starts all over
Junction between arteries and veins

40. Trivia Question: Which species of animal has a “second heart?”
The frog is an important part of the horse's circulatory system — it pumps blood up the horse's leg each time the frog makes contact with the ground. The blood flows down the horse's leg into the digital cushion, a fibrous part of the inner hoof located just above the frog which contains a network of blood vessels. The horse's weight then compresses the frog on the ground, squeezing the blood out of the digital cushion, and pushing it back up the horse's legs.

41. Tell me everything you know about the horse racing industry
Bellwork
Tell me everything you know about the horse racing industry

42. Bellwork Name 2 purposes of the respiratory system
Compare the structure of the “nares” of the horse and the pig
What is the name of the voice box?
What is the name of the rooster’s voice box?
List the pathway of an air molecule from the time it enters the nasal passages til it reaches the alveoli.

43. Bellwork 11-17-09 Sketch a diagram of the lungs.
Include the bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, etc.

44. Bellwork
Name the 4 chambers of the heart in the order that blood passes through them
What valve connects the right atrium and ventricle?
What valve connects the left atrium and ventricle?
What structure is the site of gas (oxygen) exchange?
What is the definition of a vein?
What is the definition of an artery?
What is the only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood?

45. Bellwork
Describe the path of “Robbie” the red blood cell as he travels from a capillary, back to the heart and ends up in a capillary again.