1. NOVA submm R&D program
A. Baryshev, R. Hesper, A. Khudchenko, J. Barkhof, M. Bekema, P. Dmitriev, K. Rudakov, V. Koshelets, F.P. Mena, R. Finger // SRON/RuG/NOVA/IREE/TUD/UCHILE

2. NOVA submm group University of Groningen NOVA submm group
NOVA submm R&D

3. Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array
We developed and made ALMA band 9 and 5
and work on ALMA future developments
ALMA array at 5000 m altitude
54 x 12 m diameter dish + 16 x 7 m diameter
GHz coverage, 10 bands
NOVA submm R&D

4. ALMA science illustration
Resolution and sensitivity better than HST
HL Tauri © ALMA (ESO,NRAO, NAOJ)
TW Hydrae © ALMA (ESO,NRAO, NAOJ)
NOVA submm R&D

5. ALMA system Sky object Telescope SIS mixer Detector chip Front-end
NOVA submm R&D

6. R&D Cycle example, ALMA band 9 example
Implementation
@ ALMA
x 74
Small series production
On time, within budget,
To specifications
Detector R&D
Best in the world
Receiver design
And development
NOVA submm R&D

7. Telescopes LLAMA Argentina APEX telescope CHAMP+ SEPIA FLASH
ALMA, Chile, 5000m elevation
Millimetron
Space
Mission/
Origins Space Telescope
Large single dish (30M)
& ALMA site
Dome A?, JCMT?, CSO?
Black hole cam/EHT
NOVA submm R&D

8. Submm instruments development
ALMA bands 5, 9
CHAMP+ at APEX heterodyne array 2 x 7 pixels in ALMA band 9,10 (650 GHz, 850 GHz window), upgrade just commissioned, guaranteed time
APEX SEPIA receiver (ALMA band 9 2SB)
APEX FLASH ( GHz receiver)
LLAMA (ALMA band 9 and band 5 + front-end AIV)
EHT down converter
Millimetron space mission/Origin Space Telescope
APEX AMKID, a 20kPixel direct detector camera, dual frequency 350/850 GHz
NOVA submm R&D

9. Submm instrument research direction
ALMA future
2SB mixer band 9 upgrade
Digital front end development
Dual frequency receiver development
Focal plane arrays
Heterodyne detectors
Cryogenic SIS detectors works best in submm
2SB SIS mixers (ALMA band 5, 6, 9, 10)
Digital backend system
Instrument and optics (dual band receiver)
Integration IF (4-12 GHz) amplifiers
Focal plane array technology
HEB+QCL
LO distribution and QCL phase locking
Direct detectors
Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID)/spectrometers
NOVA submm R&D

10. New 2SB RF block Upgrade ready! Upgrade ready! NOVA submm R&D
R. Hesper et al, SPIE 2016
NOVA submm R&D

11. Digital 2SB Scheme
NOVA submm R&D

12. Digital 2SB IF outputs: Sidebands/FPA …
Frontend Digital Calibration/Digitizer system
Fiber Optics
To correlator
2SB sideband ratio correction
Baseline flattening 10dB not a limit
Digitization
Beam combining FPA
Total power spectrometer
NOVA submm R&D

13. Focal plane array challenge
FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS CHALLENGE
Focal plane array challenge
100 PIXELS, SPACE
1000 PIXELS, GROUND
7 PIXELS
NOW
Heterodyne Focal Plane Array Workshop / Nanspeet 2017, NL
NOVA submm R&D

14. This program
To develop together effective technology for large arrays of
Detectors (submm)
Amplifiers and interface ( GHz)
Spectrometer chips & data processing
Beam forming…
Synergy with
SKA MMIC amplifier development

15. AMKID dual color APEX direct detection camera
LFA: 347 GHz ( 34 GHz width, from 330 to 364 GHz / HP width)
HFA: 850 GHz (100 GHz width, from 800 to 900 GHz / HP width)
squared field of view: > 15 x 15 arcmin2
number of pixels
pixel spacing 1 Fλ
hexagonal arrangement
 pixel in LFA
 pixel in HFA
detectors operating with sensitivities dominated by the sky background
good system stability that allows mapping of extended structures
cooling:
two 4K pulse-tube closed cycle systems
He 10 sorption cooler (<300 mK)
MPIfR, SRON, NOVA, TUD
Guesten, Heyminck et al
NOVA submm R&D

16. What we do here
X 2

17. Final integration
NOVA submm R&D

18. NOVA ALMA group + SRON APEX <- MMTRON
Heterodyne submm instruments development
Superconducting detectors
ALMA band 9/5, CHAMP+
ALMA future:
dual frequency (b9,b6)
2SB receiver (b9 upgrade)
digital front-end /FPA
ALMA b10, b6, b9 arrays
Development -> LLAMA, EHT,
~CCAT, APEX FLASH, SEPIA
NOVA ALMA group + SRON
Direct detector
Development
CORE+, OST
~CCAT, MMTRON
AMKID
16x16 ArcMin FOV
25kPixel, 350, 850 um
APEX
<- MMTRON
SSB noise temperature
2SB SIS detector
sideband ratio