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ecbi european capacity building initiative
initiative européenne de renforcement des capacités Introduction to Paris Agreement Dr. Achala Abeysinghe Principal Researcher/ Team Leader Global Climate Law, Policy and Governance for sustained capacity building in support of international climate change negotiations pour un renforcement durable des capacités en appui aux négociations internationales sur les changements climatiques
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Focus of the presentation
Overall analysis Provisions of the Paris Agreement What’s next?
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Overall analysis ‘A major win for multilateralism and climate diplomacy’ ‘Truly global agreement’ ‘Unprecedented global collaboration on an issue where divisions were deep and stakes were high’ ‘Proved that political leadership, combining economic incentives and peer pressure, guided intelligently by the United Nations , can produce the effective global agreements’
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Paris Agreement: The house build on 3 key pillars
Legal Rigour Participation Effectiveness
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Legal rigor The form of the Paris Agreement: Internationally legally binding agreement with provisions for entry into force (follows the treaty structure as of Vienna Convention of Law of Treaties). Ratification provisions. Legally binding obligations: Key obligations in the operative paragraphs of the Agreement (though somewhat weaker than expected) Provisions for compliance: A mechanism of compliance is established
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High level participation by countries
150 world leaders at the Paris COP 187 countries have submitted INDCs 177 countries at the signing ceremony in New York All parties to prepare, communicate and maintain INDCs All parties to participate in transparency framework, global stocktake and compliance mechanism
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Ref. Prof. Jorge E. Vinuales
Key provisions Global goal Art. 2 Action areas Mitigation (Art 3-6) Adaptation (Art 7) Loss & damage (Art 8) Information based approaches 1. Transparency mechanism (Art 13) ? 2. Global Stocktake (Art 14) ? 3. Education ( Art 12) ? Facilitation based approaches Finance (Art 9) ? Technology development and transfer (Art 10) ? Capacity building (art 11) ? International cooperation (Art 4-6) ? Compliance & dispute settlement Compliance mechanism (Art 15) ? Dispute settlements (Art 24) ? Implementation Techniques Ref. Prof. Jorge E. Vinuales
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Key provisions Global goals: Hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, Mitigation: every country to submit a national climate action plan (Nationally Determined Contribution) every 5 years. Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions Adaptation: Global adaptation goal of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change is established Loss and damage: further steps to be taken to address loss and damage due to climate impacts Finance: Developed countries shall provide financial support to developing countries. (100 billion USD as the floor of financial support).
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Key provisions Capacity building: support for developing countries on their capacity building efforts. Technology: Technology Framework established to provide overarching guidance to the work of the Technology Mechanism in promoting and facilitating enhanced action on technology development and transfer Transparency: A transparency framework established Global stocktake: A global stocktake to happen every 5 years starting from 2023 Compliance: a compliance mechanism is established for facilitating implementation and promoting compliance
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Governance of the Paris Agreement
The Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement is referred to as the CMA will be the main governing body. SBI and SBSTA will continue to serve the Paris Agreement. If necessary, the CMA may establish additional subsidiary bodies that are needed for the implementation of the agreement. An Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) will prepare the entry into force of the agreement and develop further rules and guidance.
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Its not all perfect No commitment to fulfil targets under NDCs
1.5 degree target may be seen as an aspirational goal New target setting for climate finance postponed till 2025. Methodologies, guidance and procedures for number of mechanisms to be agreed
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What’s next? Domestic ratification process
Ad hoc working group on Paris Agreement’s work to develop the ‘rulebook’ of the Paris Agreement
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Further rules to be developed
Nationally Determined Contributions New market mechanisms Support for adaptation Sources of public finance Support for technology development and transfer Capacity building Transparency Global stocktake Compliance mechanism
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However…ambition can be raised
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Thank you! Achala.abeysinghe@iied.org
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