1. Chapter 2.1 Personality
Mrs Paggi
OLLCHS

2. Describing Personality
Personality – consists of the behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and ways of thinking that make you an individual
When introduced to people, you may be characteristically outgoing or shy
Psychologist – studies how people think, feel, behave

3. 5 Central Traits Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to experiences

4. Extroversion Describes how much you like being with other people
Extrovert vs. introvert describe extremes of this personality trait
Extrovert – outgoing, talkative, and sociable; seek out other people
Introvert – tends to be shy, quiet, and reserved; more comfortable spending time on their own

5. Agreeableness
Describes your tendency to relate to other people in a friendly way
Agreeable people tend to cooperate with others
Forgiving and good natured
Assumer others are honest and trustworthy
Disagreeable
People are suspicious or hostile
Assumer others are unreliable or ready to take advantage of them

6. Conscientiousness
Describes how responsible and self disciplined you are
People tend to be dependable and make good decisions
Approach tasks in an organized, deliberate, and thorough manner
On the other end of the scale….
People don’t think through decisions, are careless, and easily distracted
They may give up on a task or lose interest before it is complete

7. Emotional Stability
People tend to be relaxed, secure, and calm, even during difficult situations
Tend to focus on the positive side of things
On the other end….
People are fearful, worried, and angry
They tend to focus on the negative
Expect the worst in most situations

8. Openness to Experiences
People who are open to new experiences tend to be curious, imaginative, and creative
Likely to have a wide range of interests
May be less predictable
People less open tend to be more predictable
Less independent
Likely to do what everyone else is doing

9. How Personality Forms
Influences by Heredity and Environment

10. Heredity Babies before birth Studies of identical twins
Kick vs. nonkickers
Cheerful vs shyness is inhererited
Studies of identical twins
Single fertilized egg thus inheriting the same traits
Separated as infants and raised by different families
Met later in life and was surprised to discover how many behaviors and interests they shared

11. Environment
Family
Friends
Culture

12. Family Experiences you had as a child shape your personality
Learn about feelings, attitudes, and appropriate ways to behave from families
Modeling – as children develop, they copy the behavior or others
Learn to be respectful to older adults by observing parents behavior toward grandparents
Learn by being rewarded for desirable behaviors and punished for less desirable ones

13. Friends
Friends become increasingly important in the development of personality
Most teens in the US spend time with other teens than with their families
Peer groups – friends who are about the same age and share similar interest
If your peer group models healthy behaviors, such as cooperation, the group can have a positive influence on your personality

14. Culture
Personality traits that are valued in one culture may not be as highly valued in another culture
Some cultures encourage people to be independent while others put a higher value on fitting in with the group
Some cultures it’s normal to show your feelings in public
Others, people are expected to be more reserved
When people from different cultures meet, such differences can lead to misunderstandings

15. In what ways have your friends influenced your personality?
Journal Entry
In what ways have your friends influenced your personality?

16. Stages of Personality
By 25 your central personality traits will be well established
BUT this does not mean you will not continue to change
*According to psychologist Erik Erikson, personality develops throughout life as people meet a series of challenges* IMPORTANT!
Erikson divided life into 8 stages
When you successfully accomplish the
challenge in one stage, you are better prepared to meet the challenge of the next stage

17. 1. Develop Trust
An infant depends on other people to meet its needs for food, clean diaper, and affection
If these needs are met, the child learns to trust other people
If they are NOT met, the child learns mistrust and may withdraw from others

18. 2. Learn to Be Independent
This is the stage when young children learn to do things on their own
Gain control over their own bodies
Learn to walk and use the toilet
If they fail to master these tasks, they develop self doubt
If they are ridiculed, they feel ashamed

19. 3. Take Initiative Children start to plan their own activities
Imitate others and through fantasy play
Begin to develop a sense of right and wrong
If they are scolded for poor initiatives, they may feel unworthy, guilty, or resentful

20. 4. Develop Skills Learn how to help around the home
Learn how to succeed at school
Learn how to get along with others
Skills make children feel capable of achieving their goals (competent)
Without skills, children may feel like a failure

21. 5. Search for Identity
According to Erikson, as a teen, your main challenge is a search for Identity.
Identity – a sense of self
You question who you are..
What do you want to do with your life?
Leads to new experiences
Behave in ways that differ from family teachings
Other tends focus on shaping their identities to go along with standards set by their family or culture

22. 6. Establish Intimacy
As a young adult, your challenge will be to establish close bonds with others
If you learn to make commitments to other people, you will have their support as you face other challenges

23. 7. Create and Nurture
During middle adulthood, people need to stay productive and creative in all parts of their life
In this stage, adults get satisfaction from helping younger people to learn and grow.

24. 8. Look Back With Acceptance
During older adulthood, people reflect on their lives
Some accept the choices they made
Others may regret the opportunities they missed

25. Journal Entry
Do you choose friends whose personality traits are similar to or different from yours?
Why do you think that is so?

26. Health Fraud 4 warning signs of quackery
Someone claims that a product or treatment is the only possible cure for a health problem
The promised results seem too good to be true
A product or treatment is said to cure many different ailments
A product is said to contain “special” or “secret” ingredients
QUACKERY – people who sell useless medical treatments or products are engaged in health fraud
-Quacks promise miracle cures or greatly improved health.
-Postpone doctor visits