1. Prof. Dr. Seval SÖZEN Istanbul Technical University
Autonomous Desalination as an Alternative Approach to Decentralized Water Management (ADIRA Project Results)
Prof. Dr. Seval SÖZEN
Istanbul Technical University

2. Global View 1.3 billion people do not have access to safe freshwater
Expected to be doubled in 25 years

3. Case of Turkey Of the total 78 million ha,14,300 km2 is surface water
Total technically and economically usable surface and ground water potential: 110 km3,
86 % - rivers within national borders
3 % - external rivers
11 % - groundwater

4. Case of Turkey of 3127 municipalities;
97 % - connected to drinking water network
72 % of the total population
70 % for 2000<N<5000
3 % for N<2000
82 % - water treatment facility
15% <N<
7% <N<

5. Solving Steps
Evaluation of alternative water resources; surface, sea and brackish water for decentralized systems
remote communities for drinking and irrigational purposes,
sites having fluctuating demands eg. Tourist complexes

6. Concept of ADS ADS - Autonomous Desalination Systems
Desalination units driven by Renewable Energy Sources (RES)

7. ADIRA Project
Autonomous Desalination system concepts for seawater and brackish water In Rural Areas with renewable energies- potentials, technologies, field experience, socio-technical and socio-economic impacts
MEDAWARE project co-funded by European Commission (EC)

8. On going project,
(August August 2007)
Co-ordinator; Fraunhofer – ISE, Germany
Partners; Turkey (ITU), Greece, Spain, Jordan, Egypt, Morocco and Cyprus

9. Focuses on;
implementation of small-scale ADS depending on existing technologies
Does not intend to develop new technologies
Units with fresh water output 100 l/day - 10 m³/day

10. Planned Activities of ADIRA
Identification and quantification of regions
Collection of information on desalination systems available on the market
Planning, implementation and monitoring of pilot installations
Analysis of stakeholders and master plans
Preparation of handbook, database and decision support tool (DST)
Dissemination of project results & activities

11. Evaluation of Turkey Country analyzed for;
Water potential; basins water storage,
per capita availability
RES potential; solar, wind, geothermal
Suitable regions identified for ADS applications

12. Water Potential
Distribution of resources utilized for water supply:

13. Water Potential
Turkey categorized into 26 basins by SHW (State Hydraulic Works)
Basin wide evaluation reveals that less amount of water stored per capita for;
Closed basins (Van, Akarçay, Konya)
Regions with high population density (Marmara, Sakarya)
Water demand arises due to the tourist activities in high seasons:
Mediterranean and Aegean coastal areas

14. Water Potential

15. Evaluations
According to overall water potential, the water reserves seem to be satisfactory, however;
Turkey cannot be considered a ‘water rich country’- water not always available on site, on time
Per capita availability of water is low
Water quality is poor, lack of central water treatment facilities

16. RES Potential
Turkey unique among EU countries having substantial reserves of RES, mainly; hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass
Share of Renewables ~ 14 % (2nd after coal)

17. RES Potential - Wind Potential up to 20,000 MW
8,000 MW estimated as usable
Total production for 2001 is 152 GWh
Most favorable locations for wind power generation (annual avg. wind speeds 2.5 m/s & annual wind power densities of 2.4 W/m2)
Marmara Sea region, Mediterranean and Aegean Sea coasts, and inland Anatolia

18. RES Potential- Solar Solar energy potential; 35 mtoe per year
Avg. 2,640 sunshine hours annually, with avg. solar intensity of 3.6 kWh/m2 per day
287,000 toe estimated production for solar heating in 2001
South-eastern Anatolia, Mediterranean, Aegean regions

19. Evaluations Turkey is blessed with abundant renewable energy resources
Regions having current & foreseen water stresses mostly match with regions having high usable renewable energies

20. Case Study Special Case Aegean and Mediterranean coast;
fluctuating demand due to heavy tourist activity during summer
high solar radiation at the time of peak demand
access to seawater and have plenty of brackish water wells

21. ADIRA Pilot Installations
2 ADS installations planned
Region: Fethiye
Source water: Brackish water
RES: PV (Photovoltaic)
Treatment scheme: Pretreatment, RO (Reverse Osmosis) membrane modules and UV disinfection

22. Concluding Remarks
Turkey is a good candidate for ADS implementation as an alternative to central water supply systems in many regions

23. Concluding Remarks Nation-wide application of ADS is dependable on;
Incentives given for RES (licencing, operation, etc) & decentralized water supply
Acceptance of national and local authorities
Awareness and willingness of stakeholders (public, water users, entrepreneurs, facility owners etc.)

24. Concluding Remarks ADS requires qualified technical staff
Training is necessary to fullfill the technical capacity requirement

25. Outcomes of ADIRA
ADIRA will serve as the indicator of applicability of the decentralized water supply practices in Turkey
ADIRA will help to develop a new market for ADS implementation

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