1. “It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.... It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena.” - George Kennan, a State Department expert in Moscow, author of the “Long Telegram,” 1946

2. EQ: Who was most responsible for beginning the Cold War?

3. The Cold War (late 1940s-1991)
Soviets and satellite states (goal – spread communism) vs. U.S. and western democracies (goal – contain communism) No direct conflict (proxy wars)

4. Postwar WWII issues: Poland Germany
Agreement to have free elections (Yalta Conf.)
Polish-Russian boundary re-determined
Criticism that FDR “gave away” Poland
Germany
4 temporary military zones

5. Group work!

6. 1. Creation of the Soviet bloc
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an ‘iron curtain’ has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe…all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.” - Winston Churchill, 1946

7. 2. Truman Doctrine/Aid to Greece and Turkey (1947)
“I believe that it must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
- March 12, 1947

8. Sec. of State George Marshall
3. Marshall Plan (1947)
Sec. of State George Marshall

9. 4. Berlin Crisis ( )

10. 5. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
Prompted Soviets to form Warsaw Pact in 1955

11. 6. Discovery of Soviet atomic weapons (1949)
“With the [Soviet] development of increasingly terrifying weapons of mass destruction, every individual faces the ever-present possibility of annihilation should the conflict enter the phase of total war." (NSC-68, a secret report of the National Security Council, 1950)

12. 7. Communist victory in China (1949) and Sino-Soviet Alliance (1950)

13. EQ: Who was most responsible for beginning the Cold War?