1. Topic 4 – Many technologies are based on the properties of Fluids
Unit 2 – Mix and Flow of matter

2. Topic 4.1 – Technologies based on Solubility
Imagine you are eating a HOT DOG and a GIANT glob of mustard falls on your shirt.
DISASTER!!!!
But, we have the technology to get it out, don’t we?

3. Detergents
A detergent is a substance that can remove dirt from fabric.
Most detergents are liquids or powders that can dissolve in water

4. Surfactant A surfactant is a cleaning agent in detergents
Surfactants are particles that attach themselves to dirt and oil particles separating them from fabric.

5. Interesting Tid Bit of Info
Phosphates use to be found in detergents
THEY ARE NOT ANYMORE…….
they were removed because they harmed the environment

6. Ingredients in laundry detergent
What It Does
Surfactant
Cleans clothes
Filler
Stops detergent from clumping
Suspension agent
Stops dirt from re-attaching to material
Bleach
Removes stains
Fragrance
Adds scent
Builder
Softens water to help surfactant to clean
Corrosion inhibitor
Prevents washer from rusting
Optical whitener
Adds brightness
Coloring agent
Gives detergent color

7. Diving and Decompression
Humans are able to dive deep into oceans and lakes because of an invention called SCUBA.
SCUBA stands for – Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Uses air tanks and regulators to maintain the flow of air

8. As you dive deeper into water, the pressure becomes GREATER.
At greater pressure, nitrogen gas dissolved in our blood at a much higher concentration that normal
If a diver comes back to the surface VERY slowly, the extra gas leaves the body when the pressure decreases.

9. Too Quickly?! What happens when a diver comes up too quickly? DANGER!
If the pressure decreases QUICKLY, the diver gets decompression sickness called “the bends”
Nitrogen gas collects in other tissues in the body and can cause death and LOTS of pain if not treated immediately.

10. Topic 4.2 – Technologies Based on Flow Rates and Moving Fluids
Unit 2 – Mix and Flow of Matter

11. Moving Fluids What is the best way to move fluids like air or water?
A PUMP!
A pump is a device that moves a fluid through or into something.
A bicycle pump moves air into a tire
A aquarium pump moves water to be cleaned in a fish tank

12. The most important pump
YOUR HEART!
The heart pumps blood all over your body.

13. Types of Pumps 1. A diaphragm pump 2. An Archimedes Screw
these can be seen in aquariums, they pump both liquids and gases
2. An Archimedes Screw
a pump that was originally used to transfer water. This consisted of a screw inside a hollow pipe.

14. The Bicycle Pump How does it work?
It has a piston that moves up and down in a cylinder
When the piston pulls up, air fills the cylinder
By pushing down on the piston you apply a force to the air in the cylinder.
This compresses the air.
The pressure of the air in the pump increases

15. Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines
The oil and natural gas needs to be moved across the country in bulk through pipelines
Pumps push these fluids along at a steady rate.

16. Pipeline Pigs
A computerized unit called a “pipeline pig” is placed in the pipeline and pushes through it by the moving gas
The “pig” cleans the pipe with brushes as it moves through.
At the same time it has sensors checking the pipe for any issues or repairs

17. Valves Valves are devices to control or regulate the amount of flow.
Think about the taps in a bathroom.
You turn them one way and the water comes out, you turn them the other way and the water shuts off.

18. Two types of valves A ball valve A pin valve
Works by turning (like a bathroom sink)
A pin valve
Allows you to inflate a ball but also keeps air from leaking out

19. Topic 4.3 – Designing a Working Model of a Fluid-Using Device
Unit 2 – Mix and Flow of Matter

20. Information tid bit!
The deepest spot in the world is in the Marianas Trench in the Pacific ocean
It is 11,000m below sea level
How far can a trained scuba diver go?

21. HOW FAR CAN A SCUBA DIVER GO?!
Scuba Cat Technical Instructor Trainer Mark Ellyatt has set a new world record of 313 meters for the deepest scuba dive, beating the previous record by five meters. Describing his historic dive in waters four hours off Patong, Mark said, "It's a lonely trip, like a trip to the Moon.” Descent of 12 minutes The descent into the depths took a mere 12 minutes and Mark spent just 60 seconds there, collecting a marker to verify his record-breaking depth. But the ascent took six hours and 40 minutes. He dove with six tanks to begin with and had another 24 brought down to him by support divers who met him at various depths on his way back up

22. Bathyscaphe
The deepest spot in the world is in the Marianas Trench in the Pacific ocean
It is 11,000m below sea level
To go to this depth you need a vehicle called a BATHYSCAPHE
This was invented by Swiss scientist Auguste Piccard in 1960
He named the ship the TRIESTE

23. How it works
This bathyscaphe made it to the bottom of the trench ---- but how!?

24. How a submarine Works
A submarine uses ballast tanks that fill with air to stay on the surface and fill with water to submerge
To re-surface, compressed air is forced into the ballast tanks through the valves at the top. This forces the sea water out of the bottom.
The density of the submarine with air in the tanks becomes less than the density of the water, so the submarine rises to the surface

25. Difference between a Bathyscaphe and a Submarine
Has a large hull with a metal sphere attached below it for ONLY the pilot and passenger
A submarine
is usually a larger vessel with internal compartments for the crew and passengers