1. GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
E.M.E.
CHAPTER-2
ENERGY
Prepared by: Guided by:
Dhaval sutariya
( ) Prof. Jay P Solanki

2. BIO-FUEL what is bio-fuels? Agricultural products. Advantages
limitations
some examples of bio-fuels.

3. WHAT IS BIO FUELS ?
Bio fuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation.
Bio fuels include fuels derived from biomass, liquid fuel and solid biomass.

4. FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS
They are also called as conventional biofuels.
The first generation biofuels refer to the fuels that have been derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil. The oil is obtained using the conventional techniques of production.

5. BIO-CONVERSION ROUTS
The bio-chemical conversion by anaerobic digestion and fermentation to produce biogas.
Thermo-chemical conversion by gasification and liquification to produce ethanol or methanol.
Direct combustion such as wood waste and bagasse.

6. The agricultural products
1) corn and soybeans in U.S.
2) Rapeseed, wheat, sugar beet in Europe.
3) Sugar cane in brazil.
4) Palm oil in south East Asia.
5) Jatropha in India

7. ADVANTAGES OF BIO-FUELS IN VEHICLES:
Reduced pollutions.
Reduces the use of fossil fuel (petroleum).
Increases opportunities for rural peoples.
Increases national energy security.

10. LIMITATIONS OF BIO-FUELS:
Bio-fuels production process is very slow. It must be redesigned and replaced rapidly.
To reduce the price of bio-fuels, bio-fuels production is to be motivated by government.

11. TYPES OF BIO-FUELS
Bio-diesel
Bio-ethanol
Vegetable oil
Bio-gas
Syngas

12. Some of the bio-fuels are described below:
BIO-DIESEL:-
made from vegetable oil.
A fat or oil is reacted with an alcohol, like methanol, together with a catalyst to produce glycerine and methyl esters. This chemical called bio- diesel.
Bio-diesel produces lower pollution compared to pure diesel.
20% of fuel is bio-diesel and 80% is regular diesel, commercially it is known as B20 bio-diesel.
we can also use pure bio-diesel (B100) in Diesel engine with some modification.

13. BIO-DIESEL PUMP

14. (2) Bio-ethanol:-
Bio-ethanol is produced from crops such as sugar beet, sugar cane, corn etc.
Ethanol produced from biomass by hydrolysis and sugar fermentation process.
85% of bio-ethanol mixed with 15% of petrol this is known as EB85 bio- ethanol.
petrol engines can run on 5% bio-ethanol with petrol (EB5) without any modification. Above 10% bio-ethanol modification is required.

15. (3) VEGETABLE OIL:- Vegetable oil can be used for either food or fuel.
It can be used in many older diesel engines, but only in warm climates.
Jatropha and coconut are examples of vegetable oil.
mostly used to manufacture bio-diesel.

16. (4) Bio-gas:-
Bio-gas is produced by the process of anaerobic digestion of organic materials like animal waste, agricultural waste and municipal waste.
The solid by product can be used as solid bio-fuel or fertilizer.
The calorific value of bio-gas is about 34,000 KJ/ 𝑚 3 .

18. (5) SYNGAS:-
It is produced by the combined process of pyrolysis, combustion and gasification.

19. THANK YOU