1. The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

2. Ch. 3- The Agricultural Revolution

3. Ch. 3 Vocabulary Words Domesticate Civilization
Agricultural revolution Bronze
Cultivate Malleable
Surplus
Specialize
Obsidian

4. Farming: The Biggest Mistake???
Food production = Hard Work!
It often led to:
poorer health
shorter lifespan
harder labor for the majority of people
Societies do not develop agriculture unless there is a strong push toward that direction (necessity, hospitable environment and species, etc.)
So Why Did People Switch From Hunting and Gathering To Farming?

5. Paleolithic Era The Pre-Farming Era
Definition: the time before people started doing agriculture
2 million BCE – about 10,000 BCE
Literal Meaning: “Old Stone Age” – use of stone tools

7. New Stone Age (Neolithic Era) Settlement

8. Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Era)
Shelters

10. The Neolithic Revolution
LessonNew Ways of Life
The Neolithic Revolution
( CE)
Sometimes termed the
Agricultural Revolution.
Humans begin to slowly domesticate plant and animal stocks in Southwest Asia.
Agriculture requires nomadic peoples to become sedentary.
Populations begin to rise in areas where plant and animal domestication occurred.

11. The Development of Agriculture
Agriculture is the raising of crops and animals.
The development of agriculture began over a long period of time and in more than one place.
People no longer needed to travel great distances to gather food.

12. “Agricultural Revolution” domestication of plants & animals=
domestication of plants & animals
Literal Meaning: New Stone Age
The first permanent human settlements emerged

13. Man began to change his diet and eat grains and small animals.

14. Ancient charred wheat grains are shown in the picture above.
Man domesticated wild wheat.

15. Domesticated
Corn
Thousands of years ago, an ear of corn did not make much of a meal. (top)
It took thousands of years of careful breeding for ears of corn to reach their present size. (bottom)

16. Where
When
Domesticated Animals
Crops
China
Africa
Southwest Asia
Andes Mountain
Mexico

17. Advanced Tools
These early farming tools date back to around 8,000 years ago. The axe, bottom, was used for clearing; flint sickles, left, were used for harvesting cereal crops; a flat rock and rounded stone, center, were used for grinding flour; and perforated clay slabs, upper right, were probably used to ventilate bread ovens.

18. Slash and Burn
In many areas, tribes would burn off trees, farm the area until the soil was depleted and then move on (slash and burn agriculture)

19. Crop Rotation
Click on the picture

20. Ch. 2- Beginning of Settlements

21. specialize
surplus

22. Found in ancient Palestine near the Dead sea
Found in ancient Palestine near the Dead sea. It was in existence by 8000 B.C.

23. Neolithic Village: Skara Brae in Scotland
Image courtesy of Wikipedia:

24. Where Artifacts found Jericho Europe China Mexico
Domesticated Animal
Domesticatd Crops
Jericho
Europe
China
Mexico

25. Beginning of Permanent Settlements

26. Wall Painting from Catal Huyuk (shot-l- hoo-yook) in southern Turkey

27. Drawing Depicting Catal Huyuk (shot-l- hoo-yook) in southern Turkey

28. Catal Huyuk First settled: Jericho First settled:
Modern Turkey
First settled:
c. 7000BCE
Jericho
Modern Israel
First settled:
c. 7000BCE
Click

29. Found in Anatolia (Modern Day Turkey)
Its walls enclosed 32 acres and up to 6,000 people.
Grew many different crops and developed artisans and trade.

30. Neolithic Village: Catal Huyuk (shot-l- hoo-yook) in southern Turkey
Some trade with hunting people who lived in surrounding hills
Large villages like Catal Huyuk ruled over smaller communities, bringing about specialization in politics and organization of military.
Accumulation of wealth initiated social classes.
By 3000 B.C.E., Catal Huyuk had become part of a civilization.

31. Neolithic Village: Catal Huyuk (shot-l- hoo-yook) in southern Turkey
on 32 acres
Houses made of mud bricks set in timber frameworks crowded together with few windows
People spent time on rooftops to experience daylight and make social contact (broken bones)
Houses were lavishly decorated with hunting scenes
Religious images of powerful male hunters and mother goddesses representing agricultural

32. A large clay pot which may have been used for cooking.

33. Obsidian flints

34. Metal Working: From Copper to Bronze
Early settlements gradually shifted from copper to the stronger alloy bronze by 3,000BCE—ushers in the Bronze Age!
Metal working spread throughout human communities slowly as agriculture had.

35. Agricultural Revolution or Transformation?

36. River Valley Civilizations: Called that for a reason!
Yes due to ability to irrigate

37. Eurasian Steppe (grasslands)
Yes, abundant grass leads to pastoralism

38. African Savannah
Degradation of grasslands through pastoralism

39. Inuit Lands
Fatty animals fishing