1. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western Democracies
GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan]
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism
METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars”
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

2. The Division of Germany & Berlin

3. The Bipolarization of Europe

4. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application
Restoration of the balance of power
Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion.
Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan]
Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.
Exploitation of tensions in international communism.
Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]

5. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application
Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations.
Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences.
Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.

6. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

7. Korean War [ ]

8. Korean War [1950-1953] “Domino Theory” Kim Il-Sung North Korea
Syngman Rhee
South Korea
“Domino Theory”

9. The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

10. Korean War begins 1950
Korean War began in l950, when communists in N. Korea crossed the 38th parallel and attacked S. Korea.
USA intervened and pushed communists all the way back to the Chinese border.
China felt threatened and attacked and pushed US and U. N. forces back.
Fighting went on and in 1953 an armistice signed-War was a draw.

11. China turns communist Civil war between nationalists and communists.
Due to weak military leadership and corruption, the communists gained control of china.

12. Nationalist: Chiang Kai-shek
Relied on U.S. aid
Struggled with inflation and a failing economy.
Suffered from weak leadership and poor morale. Warlords created many problems

13. Communist: Mao Zedong Relied on Soviet Aid
Attracted peasants with promises of land reform and improve food production.
Highly motivated leadership,defeated Nationalists-Chiang Kai Shek.

14. America reacts to Communist China
Many felt it was a failure to contain the spread of communism.
Not doing enough to contain communism.
Was a fear of communists taking over U.S. & agents infiltrating our government