1. The Cold War

2. Aftermath
Germany is completely conquered and is divided up geographically between the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union
Nuremberg Trials
Japan is utterly destroyed and the United States sets up a provisional government under the administration of General Douglas MacArthur.
The Soviet Union and the United States emerge as the two dominant super-powers in the world.

3. Allied Plans for the Postwar World
The WW2 Allies had three meetings to determine what the world would be like after the war.
11/1943- Tehran
2/1945 Yalta
7/1945 Potsdam

4. Tehran- 1943
At Tehran it was decided that Germany would be split in half between the western Allies and the Soviet Union after the war

5. Yalta- 2/1945
The Allies tried to agree to free elections in Eastern Europe
Agreed that Germany must surrender unconditionally

6. Potsdam; 7/1945
At this conference, the American president and British PM demanded free elections in Eastern Europe- Stalin refused.
Truman and the weapon of “unusual power” (7)
Clement Atlee Truman Stalin

8. WESTERN
EASTERN

9. So, When did the Cold War begin? Two Answers based on POV
American/Western POV
Soviet POV
1918: During the Russian Civil War when the U.S.A. & Great Britain invaded Russia to prevent the Soviet government from keeping power after the Russian Revolution.
After 1941 when the Western Allies refused to open a “2nd Front” to relieve them from the Germans.
The west is hypocritical.
1945 at Potsdam when Stalin refused to allow for popular sovereignty in formerly German-occupied Eastern-European nations.

10. Competing Doctrines
The TRUMAN Doctrine: 1947 “I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.”
The Brezhnev Doctrine, 1969; "...each Communist party is responsible not only to its own people, but also to all the socialist countries, to the entire Communist movement. Whoever forgets this, in stressing only the independence of the Communist party, becomes one­sided. He deviates from his international duty...Discharging their internationalist duty toward the fraternal peoples of Czechoslovakia and defending their own socialist gains, the U.S.S.R. and the other socialist states had to act decisively and they did act against the antisocialist forces in Czechoslovakia.“

11. Aspects of the Cold War Atomic/Nuclear Arms race
The “Nuclear Triad”
The “Space Race”
The Cold War was “fought” between the USA and the USSR and later, Communist China
U.S. Pressure for German re-armament
Soviet desire for “Satellites” or, “Buffer zones”
Development of The 1st, 2nd, & 3rd “Worlds”
Proxy wars between the major powers

14. CHINA Mao’s China and Beyond Introduction
Chiang Kai-shek vs. the Communist – 1930s & Japanese invasion
Chiang focused on communists, Japanese took advantage – invaded
Eventually forced to align w/ communists to fight Japanese
Communists took advantage of Japanese invasion
Nationalist forces destroyed by superior Japanese
Looked bad to people
Forced to retreat, ask for help from landlords and US
Communist guerilla warfare more successful

15. “A Tiger can kill an elephant by biting it once a day”.
Mao
“A Tiger can kill an elephant by biting it once a day”.

16. Ensuing civil war – communists won
Communist soldiers treated better
Chiang/armies retreat to Formosa – Taiwan
Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China
Why was Mao successful? The info below is quite debatable…
Land reform programs, access to education, improved health care
Mao’s armies protected peasantry vs. Chaing’s abusive army
Guerilla warfare better chance for success
Convinced peasants they had programs to make life better

17. The Communists Come to Power
Communist party – strong military and political connection
People’s Liberation Army – administered local politics
Repressed secessionist movements – Tibet and Inner Mongolia
Fought US out of N. Korea
Helped liberation struggle in Vietnam

18. Proxy Wars Arab-Israeli Wars: 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973, & 1982…
Korea
Vietnam (1954)
Afghanistan

19. Cold War ARMS RACE Space Race Soviets demonstrate their Atom Bomb 1949
Americans demonstrate Hydrogen Bomb 1952
1957 Sputnik
MAD
“Duck and Cover!”
Space Race
“Our Germans are better than their Germans”.
1961 Yuri Gagarin, st Woman in space, st Spacewalk
1969 Neil Armstrong- 1st to walk on the Moon.

20. The Cold War in Popular Culture

21. 1980- The creation of “Solidarity” in Poland
Massive shipyard strikes led by Lech Walesa
Forced Polish Government to recognize workers’ right to protest.
1983- “Star Wars”- the Strategic Arms Defense Initiative
1985- Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power
Glasnost & perestroika
1989- The Berlin Wall falls
Hungary becomes the 1st Eastern Bloc nation to open borders to the West
1991- The Soviet Union breaks up