1. Asst. Prof. Dr. Sameer Saadoon Algburi
The Battery Characteristics Impact on Solar Systems: Performance and Cost
IEEE – Conference
27 –
Presented By:
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sameer Saadoon Algburi

2. Motivation
The Demonstration of 
Battery's performance, cost and shortage factors and their effects on the design of solar systems
Using HOMER Software

3. Transportation & Installation
Abstract
The characteristics of lead acid batteries are normally affected by several factors such as:
Four types of HOPPECKE battery were chosen.
The max annual capacity shortage is changed over:
(10 – 20 – 30) ?? Why
In order to realize cost assumption
Discharge
Depth
Extreme Temperature
Battery
Storage
Transportation & Installation

4. Introduction
Batteries are widely fabricated and categorized into several types based on:
The characteristics.
The specifications appropriate for various applications.
Lead acid batteries are most suitable to be employed in the energetic systems due to:
The availability in low costs.
Several sizes.
Attractive performance.
There exist many differences in the design specifications and performance of lead acid battery cells such as:
Starting Lighting and Ignition (SLI).
Motive Power or Traction Batteries.
Stationary Batteries.
We decided to use
Lead Acid Battery of
HOPPECKE Type

5. HOMER Software
Homer is considered one of the important power optimization programs due to wide usability and demand all around the universe.
Program Identification:
Mistaya engineering for the employ and implementation of national renewable energy laboratory (NREL) in USA
Decisions and Evaluations are simplified by HOMER:
The items that systems are made of
The size of the proposed system
The specification of each employed component
The key reason for paying this great attention towards HOMER:
The analysis
The sensitivities
Good estimations

6. For a virtual residential load type
Primary Load Setup
The primary load input requires to be provided by maximum power at the proposed location along 24 hours consumption.
For a virtual residential load type
The 24 Hourly Necessitate Power Distribution for the proposed load
Hour
Load (kW)
00:00 – 01:00
0.200
12:00 – 13:00
0.600
01:00 – 02:00
13:00 – 14:00
02:00 – 03:00
14:00 – 15:00
03:00 – 04:00
15:00 – 16:00
04:00 – 05:00
0.300
16:00 – 17:00
0.550
05:00 – 06:00
17:00 – 18:00
06:00 – 07:00
0.400
18:00 – 19:00
07:00 – 08:00
0.500
19:00 – 20:00
08:00 – 09:00
20:00 – 21:00
09:00 – 10:00
21:00 – 22:00
0.450
10:00 – 11:00
22:00 – 23:00
11:00 – 12:00
23:00 – 00:00

7. Solar System Module The suggested location precisely allocated at:
Kirkuk, Iraq around 
35.5 latitude north, longitudes east, As referred in:
NASA, USA, Atmospheric Science Center. [online]. Available:
The base line data is obtained in accordance with:
The classification of the monthly average radiation.
Clearness index values of the proposed place. AS
World Weather Online, Global Weather Forecast. [online].Available:

8. Daily Radiation (kWh/m2/d)
Average radiation and clearness index values per month
Average Baseline
Clearness Index = Daily Radiation = kWh/m2/d
Month
Clearness Index
Daily Radiation (kWh/m2/d)
January
0.546
2.771
February
0.572
3.662
March
0.597
4.903
April
0.622
6.190
May
0.654
7.255
June
0.664
7.662
July
0.667
7.534
August
0.670
6.933
September
0.698
6.135
October
0.637
4.409
November
0.593
3.179
December
0.531
2.474

9. Proposed Solar System Module
system argument is:-
demonstrate the improvement in the cost of renewable solar system
HOW???
By modifying the specification of a particular (HOPPECKE) battery type.
The proposed system is constructed of :
Primary load input of (11 kWh/d).
PV input.
Converter.
HOPPECKE Battery.

10. Proposed Solar System Module
PHOTOVOLTAIC INPUT (PV):
Is employed in order to obtain the highest power from sun radiation in daily hours and along the month.
PV Input Costs (for 25 years – lifetime)
The primary load needs approximately
(1.1 kW – Peak).
Hence, the input size of PV = 2 (kW)
accordingly.
Size (kW)
Capital ($)
Replacement ($)
O&M ($ / year)
2.00
1400
1350 50

11. Proposed Solar System Module
Convertor:
Converts the DC realized voltage to AC.
Convertor Costs (for 15 years – lifetime)
The primary load needs approximately
(1.1 kW – Peak).
Hence, the size of the convertor =
2 (kW) accordingly.
Size (kW)
Capital ($)
Replacement ($)
O&M ($ / year)
2.00
1000
950 50

12. Proposed Hoppecke Battery
HOPPECKE is lead acid battery type that widely used due to their:
The availability.
High service life optimizations.
Stability.
Compatibility.
Approximately free maintenance and easier installation.
Hoppecke Specifications and Price
NAME
SPECIFICATIONS
PRICE ($) 1
H200 - Hoppecke 4 OPzS 200
2V, 200 Ah, 0.4 kWh
141 2
H300 - Hoppecke 6 OPzS 300
2V, 300 Ah, 0.6 kWh
181 3
H600 - Hoppecke 6 OPzS 600
2V, 600 Ah, 1.2 kWh
265 4
H800 - Hoppecke 8 OPzS 800
2V, 800 Ah, 1.6 kWh
377
Hint
6 batteries are connected in series as string ??

13. Results Hoppecke 4 OPzS 200 (H200): Nominal specification :
(2V, 200 Ah, 0.4 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
H200 - Hoppecke 4 OPzS 200 Costs
Quantity
Capital ($)
Replacement ($)
O&M ($ / year)
1.00
141
130
5.00
(Ah) is the amount of energy charge in a battery that allow one ampere of current to flow in one hour.
HOMER Results

14. Results Hoppecke 4 OPzS 200 (H200): Nominal specification :
(2V, 200 Ah, 0.4 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
Renewable Sys. Results based H200
Max annual capacity shortage (30%)
Initial Capital
($)
Operating Cost
($ / yr)
Total Net Price Cost NPC ($)
Cost of energy
(COE)
Battery Life
(yr)
4.292
340
8.644
0.224
6.7
Max annual capacity shortage (20%)
5.138
426
10.579
7.3
Max annual capacity shortage (10%)
6.830
469
12.824
0.278
10.6

15. Results 2. Hoppecke 6 OPzS 300 (H300): Nominal specification :
(2V, 300 Ah, 0.6 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
H300 - Hoppecke 6 OPzS 300 Costs
Quantity
Capital ($)
Replacement ($)
O&M ($ / year)
1.00
181
160
8.00
(Ah) is the amount of energy charge in a battery that allow one ampere of current to flow in one hour.
HOMER Results

16. Results 2. Hoppecke 6 OPzS 300 (H300): Nominal specification :
(2V, 300 Ah, 0.6 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
Renewable Sys. Results based H300
Max annual capacity shortage (30%)
Initial Capital
($)
Operating Cost
($ / yr)
Total Net Price Cost NPC ($)
Cost of energy
(COE)
Battery Life
(yr)
5.158
321
9.266
0.246
13.9
Max annual capacity shortage (20%)
4.772
392
9.787
0.226
7.3
Max annual capacity shortage (10%)
5.858
436
11.430
0.250
9.7

17. Results 3. Hoppecke 6 OPzS 600 (H600): Nominal specification :
(2V, 600 Ah, 1.2 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
H600 - Hoppecke 6 OPzS 600 Costs
Quantity
Capital ($)
Replacement ($)
O&M ($ / year)
1.00
265
255
9.00
(Ah) is the amount of energy charge in a battery that allow one ampere of current to flow in one hour.
HOMER Results

18. Results 3. Hoppecke 6 OPzS 600 (H600): Nominal specification :
(2V, 600 Ah, 1.2 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
Renewable Sys. Results based H600
Max annual capacity shortage (30%)
Initial Capital
($)
Operating Cost
($ / yr)
Total Net Price Cost NPC ($)
Cost of energy
(COE)
Battery Life
(yr)
5.080
237
8.112
0.215
18.9
Max annual capacity shortage (20%)
4.190
309
8.140
0.187
7.4
Max annual capacity shortage (10%)
5.780
333
10.039
12.7

19. Results 4. Hoppecke 8 OPzS 800 (H800): Nominal specification :
(2V, 800 Ah, 1.6 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
H800 - Hoppecke 8 OPzS 800 Costs
Quantity
Capital ($)
Replacement ($)
O&M ($ / year)
1.00
377
367
9.00
(Ah) is the amount of energy charge in a battery that allow one ampere of current to flow in one hour.
HOMER Results

20. Results 4. Hoppecke 8 OPzS 800 (H800): Nominal specification :
(2V, 800 Ah, 1.6 kWh – 5 years lifetime)
Renewable Sys. Results based H800
Max annual capacity shortage (30%)
Initial Capital
($)
Operating Cost
($ / yr)
Total Net Price Cost NPC ($)
Cost of energy
(COE)
Battery Life
(yr)
4.162
244
7.021
0.187
12.6
Max annual capacity shortage (20%)
4.862
323
8.987
0.198
8.9
Max annual capacity shortage (10%)
7.124
319
11.197
0.236
16.2

21. Results
The optimum costs of the proposed solar system based HOPPECKE batteries
H800 is (30%) Max annual capacity shortage
Initial Capital
($)
Operating Cost
($ / yr)
Total Net Price Cost NPC ($)
Cost of energy
(COE)
Battery Life
(yr)
4.162
244
7.021
0.187
12.6
H600 is (20%) Max annual capacity shortage
4.190
309
8.140
7.4
H600 is (10%) Max annual capacity shortage
5.780
333
10.039
0.215
12.7

22. Conclusions
HOPPECKE H800 has given the best performance and lowest cost than the other types in case of (30%) maximum annual capacity shortage.
HOPPECKE H600 is considered the lowest cost in case of (20% and 10%) shortage.
It can be stated that, current discharge depth is rationally variable in accordance with battery type specifications.

23. Thanks for listening