1. Pregnancy and Prenatal Care
The basics of human reproduction

2. Types of Sexual Contact
Vaginal intercourse – Sexual contact in which the penis is placed in the vagina for reproduction or sexual pleasure.
Genital contact – Sexual contact between two external reproductive organs (i.e., penis or vulva) without penetration.
Oral sex – Sexual contact in which the mouth of one partner sexually stimulates the penis, vulva, or anus of the other partner.
Anal sex – Sexual contact in which the penis is placed in the anus for sexual pleasure.
Manual sex – Stimulating a partner’s genitals with the hands.
Masturbation – Touching your own genitals for sexual pleasure.

3. Types of Sexual Contact
Which types of sexual contact can result in pregnancy?
Vaginal Intercourse
Genital Contact
-Ejaculation on the labia can result in pregnancy

4. The male reproductive system should be review for students at this grade level.
For more information on the male reproduction system visit:
Public Health - Seattle & King County • Family Planning Program • © 1986, revised 2009 •

5. The female reproductive system should be review for students at this grade level.
For more information on the female reproductive system visit:
Public Health - Seattle & King County • Family Planning Program • © 1986, revised 2009 •

6. 4 Requirements for Pregnancy
Egg
Sperm
Fertilization
Implantation (of the zygote into the lining of the uterus.)

7. The human body is made up of billions of cells, but only one male cell (the sperm) and one female cell (the egg) can combine to create a human being. The ovum (egg cell) is the female reproductive cell. It is about the size of a grain of sand and is the largest cell in the human body. It contains 23 pairs of chromosomes in its nucleus. Chromosomes are the genetic material needed to create a human life.
The sperm cell is much smaller than the egg. It has a tiny head that also contains 23 chromosomes and a long powerful tail used to propel it through the female anatomy and to the egg.

8. During vaginal sexual intercourse, thousands of sperm cells are ejaculated into the vagina. They swim through the cervix and into the uterus. Many of them die along the way. However, many more enter the uterus and travel up the fallopian tubes. If an egg is present a single sperm will push through the protective corona radiata and into the egg cell itself. As soon as a sperm enters, the egg cell creates a hardened layer that keeps all other sperm cells out.
Fertilization is complete when the chromosomes from the egg and the sperm combine. The fertilized egg is called a zygote. Right away the chromosomes dictate the sex of the fetus. The egg always carries an X chromosome. The sperm may have either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome. These chromosomes combine to form either XX or XY. XX = a female. XY = a male. Later in development, chromosomes will dictate the hair color, eye color, the shape of the nose, and other physical features.
For more information show:

9. The zygote now travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus
The zygote now travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. Its cells begin to divide and form a cluster called a morula. On the fourth or fifth day it enters the uterus as a cell hollow sphere of over 500 cells called a blastocyst. The blastocyst burrows into the lining of the uterus called the endometrium (implantation). At this point all of the requirements for pregnancy have been met and conception is complete.

10. The cells of the blastocyst now begin to differentiate into specialized cells. Some cells become the developing fetus, which is now called an embryo. Others become the placenta, and umbilical cord. The cells of the fetus will continue to differentiate into muscle cells, bone tissue, blood cells, and more.

11. Identical Twins Fraternal Twins
Sometimes the zygote separates into more than one blastocyst. This is what creates identical twins. Identical twins share genetic material and a common placenta.
More commonly, two eggs will be released from the ovary at the same time. If both eggs are fertilized and implant, fraternal twins will develop. Fraternal twins do not share the same genetic material and have separate placentas and amniotic sacs.
Image Source: Womenshealth.gov

12. Breast Stomach Mother’s Navel Placenta Fetus Umbilical Cord Uterus
Cervix
Fetus
Umbilical Cord
Uterus
Vagina
Public Health - Seattle & King County • Family Planning Program • © 1986, revised 2009 •
Structures within the pregnant woman support the growing fetus. The placenta facilitates the exchange of nourishment and oxygen from the mother’s blood stream and exchanges waste from the embryo/fetus’ bloodstream. The umbilical cord links the embryo/fetus to the placenta. A transparent, fluid filled membrane called the amniotic sac surrounds the fetus. A second thicker membrane called the chorionic sac lies outside the amniotic sac. The muscular uterus itself will stretch throughout the pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus. It will grow from being the size of a fist, to reaching above her belly button.

13. What happens when?
Pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, counting from the first day of a woman’s last normal period.
The weeks are grouped into three trimesters.

14. What happens when? 1st Trimester Sperm and egg unite Limb buds form
Fetus has a tail
Pregnant woman experiences “morning sickness”
Head bulge forms
Fetus is about three inches long
Placenta forms
2nd Trimester
Fetus becomes active
Heartbeat can be heard with a stethoscope
Gender can be determined with a sonogram
Fetus is about 11 inches long
3rd Trimester
Body systems complete development
Fetus increases dramatically in size and weight
Pregnant woman may find movement difficult
Fetus is about 20 inches long
Birth occurs

15. Stages of Pregnancy The 1st Trimester (1-12 weeks) 1 month 2 months
After 8 weeks the embryo is called a fetus.
The following slides are provided to give students a brief overview and visuals of the stages of pregnancy. For more information visit
All images retrieved from Womanshealth.gov
3 months

16. Stages of Pregnancy The 2nd Trimester (13-28 weeks) 4 Months 5 Months

17. Stages of Pregnancy The 3rd Trimester (29-40 weeks) 7 Months 8 Months

18. Cesarean Birth Birth Vaginal Birth
Image Source: Womenshealth.gov and aurorahealthcare.org
Cesarean Birth