1. Friday, August 11th Good Morning!
As you enter, please get a Psychology Unit Two Overview and review it.

2. Class Updates Unit One Summatives
Grades are NOT in Synergy yet – I’ll be working on them this weekend…so keep checking!

3. Memory super memorist: 20
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

6. Was it easy or hard? It depends on several things….
If you like Disney movies?
When was the last time you have seen the movie?
Are people around you being loud so you cannot concentrate?

7. Take out a piece of paper…..
Name the seven dwarves…..
Now name them…..

8. Recall vs. Recognition Recall Recognition
you must retrieve the information from your memory
fill-in-the blank or essay tests
you must identify the target from possible targets
multiple-choice tests

9. The Memory Process crash course
Three step process….
Encoding: The processing of information into the memory system.
Storage: The retention of encoded material over time.
Retrieval: The process of getting the information out of memory storage.

10. Three Step Process Analogy
Using a simile or metaphor compare each phase of the three step memory process to something else and justify your analogy by explaining the connection. Draw a picture for each part of your three step story board and color.
RETRIEVAL- Retrieval is like taking your strawberries out of the fridge to eat. During retrieval, you take information out when you need it in the same way you take food out of the fridge when you crave it or when you are hungry.
ENCODING- Encoding is like picking strawberries to eat. Encoding requires taking information in through your senses: When you pick strawberries you see which ones you like and gather them.
STORAGE- Storage is like putting your strawberries in the fridge so you can eat them later. Storage requires you to retain information until you need it; in this case the fridge is acting as your holding tank.

11. Three Stage Theory of Memory

12. Sensory Memory replication of Sperling's experiment
A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information.
Iconic (Visual)
Echoic (Auditory)

13. Short Term Memory The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM.
Events are encoded visually (images), acoustically (sounds) or semantically (meanings).
Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds.
We recall digits better than letters.

14. Transferring from STM to LTM
Chunking - organizing items into familiar, manageable units
Mnemonic Devices
Rehearsal – repetition, repetition, repetition
"Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums."

15. Long Term Memory Unlimited storehouse of information
Explicit Memories (Declarative)
Facts Memorized (Semantic)
Events / Experiences (Episodic)
Implicit Memories (Non-declarative or Procedural)
Skills
Example: how to ride a bike, shoot a basketball

16. Storing Memories - Encoding
Effortful Processing
Automatic Processing
done actively, “with effort”, on purpose
Studying for a test
Completing AP Psych reading assignment
Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
done passively, “without effort”, by “accident”
Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
Remembering the score of sporting event
Remembering who you first spoke to today

17. Storing Memories - Encoding
Amnesia - generally, the loss of memory
The Physical Basis of Memory
No one area houses memories
Ongoing Electrical Activity
Synaptic Changes
Long-term Potentiation (LTP) – increase in a synapse’s firing potential after stimulation (engram)
program 17
modern example

18. Encoding Processes Visual Encoding: the encoding of images example
Acoustic Encoding: the encoding of sound
Semantic Encoding: the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective

19. Memory Strategies
Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information
Method of Loci: ideas are associated with a place or part of a building example
Peg-Word system: peg words are associated with ideas (e.g. “one is a bun”)
Word Associations: verbal associations are created for items to be learned

20. Chunking Chunking & other methods #
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
Often it will occur automatically.
Chunk- from Goonies
Do these numbers mean anything to you?
1492, 1776, 1812, 1941 how about now?

21. Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you can remember!

22. Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents

23. Encoding Information
Serial Positioning Effects – the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding
Primacy Effect –more likely to recall items at the beginning of a list
Recency Effect – likely to recall items at the end of a list
What else influenced your ability to recall?

24. Serial Positioning Effect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.
Presidents
Recalled
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this.

25. Encoding – The Spacing Effect
distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
cramming is minimally effective
What, then, would be good strategies for preparing for Psych tests?

26. The Context Matters!!! Flashbulb Memories
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Mood Congruent Memory
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
State Dependent Memory
memory that is recalled under the consciousness conditions it was formed

27. Memory Construction why we forget: crash course
Memories are not always what they seem.
Misinformation Effect – incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event
Elizabeth Loftus

28. Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question: About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?

29. Misinformation Effect
Leading Question: About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?

30. Forgetting – Encoding Failure

31. Which is the Right Penny
Which is the Right Penny? AUTOMATIC ENCODING (From Nickerson & Adams, 1979)‏

32. Forgetting – Retrieval Failure
Retroactive Interference: recent information blocks out old information.
Proactive Interference: previous information blocks out new information.
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number.
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriend’s name.
Clive Wearing

33. Repression – Freud’s concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

34. Forgetting - Storage Decay
Even after encoding something well, we sometimes forget it.
Herman Ebbinghaus’ experiments with non-sense syllables
Showed the memory fades quickly, but then the speed at which it fades levels out.

35. Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve

36. My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner. You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth. You study the menu. You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls, extra sauce, Roadslide Sliders, Thai Lettuce Wraps, and Chino-Latino Steak (medium). You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list. A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls. Later the rest of the meal arrives. You enjoy it all, except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone.

37. Cheesecake factory How did you order the steak?
Was the red tablecloth checkered?
What did you order to drink?
Did a male server give you a menu?
You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2
seconds apart.

38. Rest

39. Snore

40. Sound

41. Tired

42. Bed

43. Slumber

44. Night
Last ;Recall as many as you can.

45. Cheesecake factory How did you order the steak?
Was the red tablecloth checkered?
What did you order to drink?
Did a male server give you a menu?
What type of interference did you experience?

46. Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
Causes: Brain Damage, Shock, Repression, Stress and Illness
Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma
Retrograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information prior to a trauma
Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
50 1st dates trailer
Infantile Amnesia: Before 3 years old

47. Significant People - Memory
George Miller
Research on Short-term Memory Capacity
“The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two” (1956, Harvard)
established 7, + or – 2 as the limit of storable information
also first developed the concept of “chunking” to aid in memory retention

48. Soundtrack of Your Life Project
Jon Bon Jovi – This is My Life!

49. Want You To Know… I’ll be out next Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday
Mrs. Hall will be your teacher (I’ve been telling her how great you are…please prove me right!)
There’s PLENTY to do…

50. Honey Do List Monday - 8/14/17 Use your class textbook
Use your class textbook
to complete your Guided
Reading for 8/14
Soundtrack of Your Life -
Complete your
checklist of life events
Tuesday - 8/15/17
Use your class textbook
to complete your Guided
Reading for 8/15
Soundtrack of Your Life -
Finish your checklist
of life events
Complete your song
list
Wednesday - 8/16/17
Use your class textbook
to complete your Guided
Reading for 8/16
Soundtrack of Your Life -
Finish your checklist
of life events
Finish your song list
Use class textbook to
find Psych concepts