1. Dynamic Earth!

2. Earth’s Structure: What are the levels of the Earth?
CRUST:
Outermost, thinnest layer. Only a few miles thick under the oceans but thicker under the continents- average 20 miles thick. Up to 1,000 degrees F

3. Earth’s Structure: What are the levels of the Earth?
MANTLE:
Hot, semisolid rock. About 1,800 miles thick. Between 1,000 – 7,000 degrees F.

4. Earth’s Structure: What are the levels of the Earth?
OUTER
CORE:
Liquid layer of iron and nickel, about 1,400 miles thick. Between 7,000 – 11,000 degrees F.

5. Earth’s Structure: What are the levels of the Earth?
INNER
CORE:
Extremely hot solid sphere of iron and nickel, 750 miles thick. Up to 13,000 degrees F.

6. No one believed me and I died alone in Greenland, but I was right! Ja!
Plate Tectonics:
Alfred Wegener
Theory Introduced by: ___________________
No one believed me and I died alone in Greenland, but I was right! Ja!

7. Plate Tectonics- Definition:
The outermost layer (the crust) of the Earth is broken into plates that slowly move.

8. Plate Tectonics- Evidence:
Geological evidence (rock formations, and shapes) match

9. Plate Tectonics- Evidence:
Fossils found on coasts of separate continents.

10. Map of the Tectonic Plates

11. Plates and Boundaries Continental Oceanic Boundary
Two kinds of plates: ______________________: found under continents, thicker (20-40 miles), older, lighter. ______________________: found under oceans, thinner (4-6 miles), newer, denser. Border between plates is called: _____________
Continental
Oceanic
Boundary

12. Three Types of Movement:
Convergent
___________________: Two plates moving towards each other. A collision!

13. Three Types of Movement:
Divergent
___________________: Two plates moving away from each other. Breaking up is hard to do!

14. Three Types of Movement:
Transform
___________________: Two plates sliding past each other. Slip Sliding away!

15. Convergent boundaries: Colliding plates
If: Oceanic crust collides with continental crust
Then: Ocean crust slides under continental crust. This is called:
______________________: the crust melts into _____________________ and forms in a chamber to create a____________________
Subduction
Magma
Volcano

16. Convergent boundaries: Colliding plates
If: Oceanic crust collides with ocean crust
Then: The older plate slides under the younger plate, making a chain of:
______________________ and can cause a_____________________.
Islands (archipelago)
tsunami

17. Convergent boundaries: Colliding plates
If: Continental crust collides with continental crust
Then: Both plates are so light, they do not slide under.
Instead, they________________ and can form _____________________.
crunch
mountains

18. Divergent boundaries: Spreading plates
If: Oceanic crust diverges from oceanic crust
Then: Causes ____________________________: the plates spread apart, magma oozes up, making a mid-ocean ridge.
Seafloor Spreading

19. Divergent boundaries: Spreading plates
If: Continental crust diverges from continental crust
Then: Causes a ___________________: the plates spread apart, forming a dropped zone which can become a valley with volcanoes, or water can come in forming a sea.
Rift Valley

20. Transform boundaries: Sliding plates
If: Two plates slide past each other
Then: Movement results in a________________- a crack in the Earth’s crust. This sliding most often results in an __________________.
fault
earthquake

21. So what can plate tectonics cause?
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Mountains
Valleys and trenches
Tsunamis